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HÁJEK, J. JEGLA, Z.
Original Title
Standards for fired heater design: Analysis of two dominant heat flux variation factors
Type
journal article in Web of Science
Language
English
Original Abstract
Many fired heaters in all parts of the globe are designed according to long-standing standards of the American Petroleum Institute. The relevant API standard 560 is to a large degree based on heat flux non-uniformity factors that have been first graphed early in the 20th century using idealised 2D calculations of radiative heat transfer. The basic set of assumptions and values for these factors has recently been challenged, as they neglect or underestimate several significant aspects of nonuniformity including longitudinal heat flux variation due to up-to-date low-NOx burners, interaction of flames from multiple burners, Coandă effect and non-ideal geometry. This paper brings new data and quantified corrections of two dominant heat flux variation factors (tube circumferential factor and longitudinal factor) that are based on numerical modelling, large-scale laboratory measurements and real-life data from operating fired heater. The new information provides evidence that standardised design calculations of fired heaters for refinery service need urgent update and revision, mainly concerning the longitudinal factor. The results show that real-life heat flux distribution can be significantly less uniform than estimated by traditional design techniques (such as API Design Standards).
Keywords
fired heaters; CFD modelling; radiant chamber; heat transfer
Authors
HÁJEK, J.; JEGLA, Z.
Released
1. 10. 2017
Publisher
Elsevier
Location
Amsterdam, Netherlands
ISBN
1359-4311
Periodical
Applied Thermal Engineering
Year of study
125
Number
1
State
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Pages from
702
Pages to
713
Pages count
12
URL
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431116343186
BibTex
@article{BUT139262, author="Jiří {Hájek} and Zdeněk {Jegla}", title="Standards for fired heater design: Analysis of two dominant heat flux variation factors", journal="Applied Thermal Engineering", year="2017", volume="125", number="1", pages="702--713", doi="10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.062", issn="1359-4311", url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431116343186" }