Publication detail

Review on the Current Composting Practices and the Potential of Improvement using Two-Stage Composting

Lim, L.Y. Bong, C.P.C. Lee, C.T. Klemeš, J.J. Sarmidi, M.R. Lim, J.S.

Original Title

Review on the Current Composting Practices and the Potential of Improvement using Two-Stage Composting

Type

conference paper

Language

English

Original Abstract

Composting is one of the applicable technologies to recycle organic waste into a value-added product. It allows the transformation and stabilisation of the organic waste into bio-fertiliser that can be applied to land and crops safely. The composting systems come in different modes but the three commonly used are windrow, aerated static pile and in-vessel composting. The three practices vary in cost, manpower, energy, greenhouse gases emission and composting time. It is well-known that among the three, windrow is the least expensive but most time consuming where in-vessel offers short composting period but at the high expense of energy and cost. Composting is conventionally carried out by either one of the methods. A new strategy, namely the two-stage composting system, is getting popular. It involves the switching of the composting system at different stages of the composting process. Study on the effectiveness and efficiency of two-stage composting systems in terms of cost, time, compost quality and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission are still limited as it is still fairly new. This paper aims to review the existing papers on two-stage composting to provide a better insight on the feasibility and applicability of this strategy as compared to the conventional process flow. This paper also highlights some of the recent achievements in improving the efficacy of the composting system in terms of time and GHG emission.

Keywords

Composting; Costs; Fertilizer; Greenhouse gases; Piles; Wastes; Aerated static pile; Composting process; Effectiveness and efficiencies; Greenhouse gases (GHG); Greenhouse gases emissions; In-vessel composting; Two-stage composting; Value added products; Waste treatment;

Authors

Lim, L.Y.; Bong, C.P.C.; Lee, C.T.; Klemeš, J.J.; Sarmidi, M.R.; Lim, J.S.

Released

1. 10. 2017

Publisher

Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC

ISBN

978-88-95608-51-8

Book

Chemical Engineering Transactions

ISBN

2283-9216

Periodical

Chemical Engineering Transactions

Number

61

State

Republic of Italy

Pages from

1051

Pages to

1056

Pages count

6

BibTex

@inproceedings{BUT146101,
  author="Lim, L.Y. and Bong, C.P.C. and Lee, C.T. and Klemeš, J.J. and Sarmidi, M.R. and Lim, J.S.",
  title="Review on the Current Composting Practices and the Potential of Improvement using Two-Stage Composting",
  booktitle="Chemical Engineering Transactions",
  year="2017",
  journal="Chemical Engineering Transactions",
  number="61",
  pages="1051--1056",
  publisher="Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC",
  doi="10.3303/CET1761173",
  isbn="978-88-95608-51-8",
  issn="2283-9216"
}