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ZIMÁKOVÁ, J. VACULÍK, S. FRYDA, D. BAČA, P. BOUŠKA, M.
Original Title
Examination of impact of lignosulfonates added to the negative active mass of a lead–acid battery electrode
Type
journal article in Web of Science
Language
English
Original Abstract
We employed pasted negative electrodes of dimensions 55 × 20 × 7 mm placed between two pasted positive electrodes of the same dimensions separated with AGM separators of the type BG 260 EB 170 (1.7 mm in thickness). The negative paste was doped with 0.78 wt.% of milled CR2996 carbon (Maziva Týn Company, Czech Republic) and with different amounts of three types of organic lignosulfonates as expanders. The used xpanders were commercial products Vanisperse A, Vanillex HW and Vanillex N (Borregaard LignoTech). After formation, the electrode packs were placed in custom cells with the usual H2SO4 electrolyte, designed to ensure pplication of defined pressure to the electrode system. Several conditioning cycles were performed, the excess electrolyte was then aspirated off and the cells were hermetically sealed. The initial capacity of the negative electrodes was around 3 Ah. The cells were then discharged to 50% of their capacity and subjected to partial-state of charge accelerated cycling by using symmetrical 25 s current pulses of 2.5 A followed by 3 s standing. The cells were cycled until their voltage dropped below 1.6 V. In each run, the cell voltage, the electrode potentials against a Cd electrode, and the applied pressure were measured after every 100 cycles. The performance of these electrodes was elevated by applying moderate compression of 4 N.cm−2 . Higher pressures are not recommended. Cells with higher amount of the added organic expander well tolerate deep cycling, and were able to regenerate better during the conditioning cycles between PSoC runs and its capacities have increased. The lowlignosulfonate-containing cells showed during the PSoC charging good charge acceptance at the beginning of the experiment, but with progression of time (PSoC runs), there was the most significant increase in polarization resistances and gradual degradation of NAM. Medium lignosulfonate cells exhibited the best properties throughout the PSoC runs. During the PSoC charging there is a good charge acceptance, low maximum voltage and stable polarization resistance.
Keywords
Lead–acid batteries Expanders Carbon material Active mass Depth of discharge Partial state of charge regime Lignosulfonates
Authors
ZIMÁKOVÁ, J.; VACULÍK, S.; FRYDA, D.; BAČA, P.; BOUŠKA, M.
Released
1. 8. 2018
ISBN
2352-152X
Periodical
Journal of Energy Storage
Year of study
2018
Number
18
State
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Pages from
229
Pages to
238
Pages count
10
URL
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304681
BibTex
@article{BUT147528, author="Jana {Zimáková} and Sebastian {Vaculík} and Daniel {Fryda} and Petr {Bača} and Marek {Bouška}", title="Examination of impact of lignosulfonates added to the negative active mass of a lead–acid battery electrode", journal="Journal of Energy Storage", year="2018", volume="2018", number="18", pages="229--238", doi="10.1016/j.est.2018.04.009", issn="2352-152X", url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304681" }