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MORAVČÍK, I. KUBÍČEK, A. MORAVČÍKOVA DE ALMEIDA GOUVÊA, L. ADAM, O. KAŇA, V. POUCHLÝ, V. ZÁDĚRA, A. DLOUHÝ, I.
Original Title
The Origins of High-Entropy Alloy Contamination Induced by Mechanical Alloying and Sintering
Type
journal article in Web of Science
Language
English
Original Abstract
One of the prevailing problems for materials produced by powder metallurgy is contamination from various sources. This work deals with the influence of process parameters and presence of process control agents (PCA) on the contamination level of materials produced by means of mechanical alloying (MA) technology, densified with spark plasma sintering (SPS). The equiatomic CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was manufactured by the said methodology. For clear comparison, the 316L austenitic steel powder was milled and densified with identical conditions as a reference material. Both materials were milled in argon and nitrogen atmospheres for various times from 5 to 30 h. Chemical analysis of contamination by carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen within the powder and bulk materials was carried out using combustion analyzers. The microstructural analysis of powders and bulk samples was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with focus on contaminant phases. The results show that carbon contamination increases with milling time. It is caused by wear of milling vial and balls made from high-carbon steels. Increase of carbon content within consolidation using SPS was also observed. The oxygen contamination also increases with milling time. It is more pronounced in the CoCrFeNi alloy due to higher oxidation of powder surfaces prior to milling. Milling of powders using nitrogen atmosphere also causes an increase of nitrogen content in both HEA and AISI 316L. The use of PCA (ethanol) during milling even for a short time (30 min) causes significant increase of carbon and oxygen contamination. The ways to decrease contamination are discussed in the paper.
Keywords
contamination; mechanical alloying; spark plasma sintering; infrared detection; high-entropy alloy; austenitic stainless steel
Authors
MORAVČÍK, I.; KUBÍČEK, A.; MORAVČÍKOVA DE ALMEIDA GOUVÊA, L.; ADAM, O.; KAŇA, V.; POUCHLÝ, V.; ZÁDĚRA, A.; DLOUHÝ, I.
Released
3. 9. 2020
Publisher
MDPI
Location
Basel, Switzerland
ISBN
2075-4701
Periodical
Metals
Year of study
10
Number
9
State
Swiss Confederation
Pages from
1
Pages to
15
Pages count
URL
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1186
Full text in the Digital Library
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/195695
BibTex
@article{BUT165147, author="Igor {Moravčík} and Antonín {Kubíček} and Larissa {Moravčíková de Almeida Gouvea} and Ondřej {Adam} and Václav {Kaňa} and Václav {Pouchlý} and Antonín {Záděra} and Ivo {Dlouhý}", title="The Origins of High-Entropy Alloy Contamination Induced by Mechanical Alloying and Sintering", journal="Metals", year="2020", volume="10", number="9", pages="1--15", doi="10.3390/met10091186", issn="2075-4701", url="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1186" }