Publication detail

PTRM: Perceived Terrain Realism Metric

RAJASEKARAN, S. KANG, H. ČADÍK, M. GALIN, E. GUÉRIN, E. PEYTAVIE, A. SLAVÍK, P. BENEŠ, B.

Original Title

PTRM: Perceived Terrain Realism Metric

Type

journal article in Web of Science

Language

English

Original Abstract

Terrains are visually prominent and commonly needed objects in many computer graphics applications. While there are many algorithms for synthetic terrain generation, it is rather difficult to assess the realism of a generated output. This paper presents a first step towards the direction of perceptual evaluation for terrain models. We gathered and categorized several classes of real terrains, and we generated synthetic terrain models using computer graphics methods. The terrain geometries were rendered by using the same texturing, lighting, and camera position. Two studies on these image sets were conducted, ranking the terrains perceptually, and showing that the synthetic terrains are perceived as lacking realism compared to the real ones. We provide insight into the features that affect the perceived realism by a quantitative evaluation based on localized geomorphology-based landform features (geomorphons) that categorize terrain structures such as valleys, ridges, hollows, etc. We show that the presence or absence of certain features has a significant perceptual effect. The importance and presence of the terrain features were confirmed by using a generative deep neural network that transferred the features between the geometric models of the real terrains and the synthetic ones. The feature transfer was followed by another perceptual experiment that further showed their importance and effect on perceived realism. We then introduce Perceived Terrain Realism Metrics (PTRM) that estimates human perceived realism of a terrain represented as a digital elevation map by relating distribution of terrain features with their perceived realism. This metric can be used on a synthetic terrain, and it will output an estimated level of perceived realism. We validated the proposed metrics on real and synthetic data and compared them to the perceptual studies.

Keywords

Procedural modeling, terrains, visual perception, feature transfer, neural networks

Authors

RAJASEKARAN, S.; KANG, H.; ČADÍK, M.; GALIN, E.; GUÉRIN, E.; PEYTAVIE, A.; SLAVÍK, P.; BENEŠ, B.

Released

19. 4. 2022

ISBN

1544-3558

Periodical

ACM Transactions on Applied Perception

Year of study

19

Number

2

State

United States of America

Pages from

1

Pages to

22

Pages count

22

URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514244

BibTex

@article{BUT177564,
  author="Suren Deepak {Rajasekaran} and Hao {Kang} and Martin {Čadík} and Eric {Galin} and Eric {Guérin} and Adrien {Peytavie} and Pavel {Slavík} and Bedřich {Beneš}",
  title="PTRM: Perceived Terrain Realism Metric",
  journal="ACM Transactions on Applied Perception",
  year="2022",
  volume="19",
  number="2",
  pages="1--22",
  doi="10.1145/3514244",
  issn="1544-3558",
  url="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514244"
}