Změna fyzikálních vlastností a infiltrační schopnosti půd v závislosti na použitém systému zpracování půdy

THE DEVELOMPENT OF MODIFICATIONS OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ONFILTRATION RATE UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES

conference paper

Czech

V lokalitě Studená v Jižních Čechách probíhá v rámci VZ MZe terénní měření. Pro tyto účely byl založen polní pokus na hnědozemí půdě hlinitopísčité až písčitohlinité, kde se sledují fyzikální vlastnosti půdy, hydrolimity a infiltrační schopnost půd v rámci dvou variant zpracování půdy: klasická ( tj. podmítka, střední orba ) minimální zpracování půdy Bylo zjištěno, že hodnoty objemové hmotnosti ( OH ) a infiltrační rychlosti byly ovlivněny zpracováním půdy, takže OH stoupala od varianty klasické po minimální. Momentální obsah vody kopíroval hodnoty OH, přičemž při zvýšené OH se zvýšil i obsah vody.

Infiltration rate is a function of water absorption rate by soil particles and pore size distribution. Thus, factors like soil texture and topography can affect the amount and rate of infiltration. Lack of proper infiltration rate could cause runoff, loss of water and thus soil erosion. The aim of this study was to evaluate rotations tillage (conventional, and no-till) systems on the amount and rate of infiltration in a Studená ( South Bohemia ). The empirical infiltration models of Kostiakov and the analytical model of Philip were evaluated. Soil physical properties including bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content, max. capillary kapacity and water -bearing capacity were also measured. The application of no-till system resulted in an increase in soil organic matter but had no effect on aggregate mean weight diameter, thus no effects on infiltration. Applying no-till and reduced tillage systems caused an increase in soil moisture content, which is the reason of higher infiltration rate in these systems. The double ring infiltrometer is a way of measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface layer, and consists of an inner and outer ring inserted into the ground. Each ring is supplied with a constant head of water either manually or from mariotte bottles. Hydraulic conductivity can be estimated for the soil when the water flow rate in the inner ring is at a steady state. It works by directing water onto a known surface area due to the parameters of the inner ring. The rate of infiltration is determined by the amount of water that infiltrates into the soils per surface area, per unit of time. Infiltration can be measured by double ring infiltrometer, with preference usually lying with the double ring because the outer ring helps in reducing the error that may result from lateral flow in the soil.

infiltarční schopnost, objemová hmotnost, bezorebnézpracování půdy

Infiltation rate , bulk density , no-tillage system

SEDLÁČKOVÁ, R.

2007

24. 1. 2007

VUT v Brně FAST

Brno

978-80-214-3337-3

9. Odborná konference doktorského studia

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