Short- and longterm pollution of soil by mining, agricultural acitivities, transport, public service, transport and industry. Spontaneous decontamination and detoxication. Survey of methods of purification, decontamination and rehabilitation. Physical methods (evaporation, extraction, washing-out). Mechanical methods (removal of contamined layer), chemical, biochemical, biotechnological and microbiological rehabilitation. Specific methods according to contaminants, objects, geological (including hydrogeological) and geographical conditions, gadget and equipment, work safety and environment protection. Rehabilitation of ecological damages and damages caused by the use of mass-destruction weapons