Relationship between chemical production and biotechnologies. Transfer of genes using recombinant DNA technology. Cloning vectors and their use. Transformation of cells using foreign DNA. Selection of cells with cloned gene. Gene libraries. Cloning of sequences coding eucaryotic proteins. Manipulation of gene expression in procaryotes. Gene expression from strong and inducible promotors. Fusion proteins. Translation expression vectors. Increasing of protein stability. Integration and shuttle vectors. Production of heterologous proteins in eukaryotic cells. Yeast expression systems. Systems using insect cells and mammal expression systems. Biotechnology utilisation of organisms for xenobiotics biodegradation. Microbial insecticides and gene manipulation of bacteria stimulating plant growth. Production of therapeutic proteins a vaccines. Gene therapy. Transgenic plants and novel foods. Transgenic animals. Extremophile microorganisms and their biotechnology exploatation.