Course detail

Applied Physics

FAST-CB54Acad. year: 2013/2014

The structure of atoms and molecules
The basic of the statistics physics.
Heat, temperature and heat capacity at particle level.
Equipartition theorem
The characteristics of gases - air and water vapour
Temperature, pressure and transitions between liquid and gas.
Practical consequences of latent heat (heat for air damping, heat engines, condensation burner
The flow, the equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes
The principles of thermodynamics in liquids
The heat transfer in liquids, diffusion
Sun radiation, global view of the processes in atmosphere

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

5

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Guarantor

doc. Mgr. Jan Martinek, Ph.D.

Department

Institute of Physics (FYZ)

Learning outcomes of the course unit

The knowledge of physics and physical chemistry in the area of gases and liquids. Energy transfer in physical processes of everyday life.

Prerequisites

The knowledge of the mathematics and physics in the range of the sub-degree courses.

Co-requisites

Applied Mathematics: vectors, derivatives, simple and double integral, homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Teaching methods depend on the type of course unit as specified in the article 7 of BUT Rules for Studies and Examinations. Rules for Studies and Examinations. The method is based on a series of lectures (two two-lesson lectures per each week) and laboratory exercises (two-lesson measurement per each week). In addition, students have to solve a series of numerical problems. The solutions of these problems are checked by the teachers in the laboratory exercises.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

Minimum requirements The student's condition for gaining a credit is measurement of nine laboratory exercises and creating lab reports on-the-fly. Further, students must calculate twenty examples given by the teacher. The last condition is a successful pass of the final test in the form of examples.

Course curriculum

1. The mass, matter and physical field: the basic forms of mass, wave mechanics, the dual character of particles.
2. The structure of atoms and molecules construction: the model theory of atoms, the wave-mechanical image of atom.
3. Atoms classification, the energy changes during the molecule formation, inter-atomic bond.
4. Amorphous matters and liquids: the particles arrange the amorphous matter properties, inorganic and organic amorphous matters and liquids.
5. The system model of fluids continuity: the balance equation and the low of mass and energy conservation, the equation of continuity, Euler equation, Bernoulli equation, Navier-Stokes’ equation.
6. The mass, momentum and energy balance: momentum in fluids, energy in fluids (external and internal), hydraulic pressure, Pascal low, Archimedes low.
7. The flow of fluids: the stationary flow of the viscous incompressible fluid through the tube, the velocity distribution along the cross section of the tube, Hagen-Poisseli’s law.
8. The equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes: homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, phase, components of the state, latent heat, the calorimetric equation, heat capacity, the conditions of equilibrium in the double-phase system, irreversible and non-equilibrium processes, basic lows of the irreversible thermodynamics.
9. The principles of thermodynamics in liquids: Gibbs’ phase rule, phase transmissions, Clapeyron’s equation, phase diagram, Gibbs’ phase rule application.
10. The heat transfer in liquids: heat transfer in general, heat conduction (Fourier’s equation), differential equation of the heat conduction.
11. Stationary heat transfer and differential equation for this case, the stationary and non-stationary heat transfer comparison, diffusion, radiation.
12. The basic of the statistics physics: basic definitions and formulas of probability theory, thermal motion.
13. Maxwell and Maxwell- Boltzmann distributions of particles, energy of the matter.

Work placements

none

Aims

To enlarge the knowledge of physics in the area of structure, matters, fluids and flow for the students of the water management and water structures focus.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

Extent and forms are specified by guarantor’s regulation updated for every academic year.

Recommended optional programme components

n/a

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

Binko J., Kašpar I.: Fyzika stavebního inženýra. SNTL Praha, 1983. (CS)
Ficker T.: Fyzikální praktikum. CERM Brno, 1999. (CS)
Halliday D., Resnick R., J. Walker J.: Physics. VUTIUM a PROMETHEUS, 2001. (EN)
Horák Z., Krupka F.: Fyzika. SNTL Praha, 1976. (CS)

Recommended reading

Not applicable.

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme N-K-C-SI Master's

    branch V , 1 year of study, summer semester, elective

  • Programme N-P-C-SI Master's

    branch V , 1 year of study, summer semester, elective

  • Programme N-P-E-SI Master's

    branch V , 1 year of study, summer semester, elective

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

26 hod., optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

doc. Mgr. Jan Martinek, Ph.D.

Syllabus

1. Definition of basic physical quantities, SI system, definition of temperature, equipartition theorem, inner energy
2. Statistical physics, state equation, practical results
3. Properties of air, water vapour and atmosphere
4. The mass, momentum and energy balance: momentum in fluids, energy in fluids (external and internal), hydraulic pressure, Pascal low, Archimedes low.
5. The flow of fluids: the stationary flow of the viscous incompressible fluid through the tube, the velocity distribution along the cross section of the tube, Hagen-Poisseli’s law.
6. Temperature, pressure and phase transitions, latent heat, physics of low temperatures and pressures
7. Particle physics and heat capacity of gases at constant pressure or volume
8. Basics of thermodynamics, processes in gases, heat engines, Carnot cycle
9. Practical outcomes of derived properties (engines, heat pumps, air conditioning, thermoelectric generators, themocouples, Peltier cells, condensation burner, drying or damping of air
10. Electromagnetic radiation, Plancks law, Sun radiation, spectral properties of atmosphere
11. Black body radiation, emissivity, transmittance, absorptivity, solar collectors and their principle and efficiency
12. The energy point of view - transforms of energy, energy accumulations, energy density, power density
13. Sun, basics of meteorology, atmosphere composition, greenhouse effect

Exercise

26 hod., compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

doc. Mgr. Jan Martinek, Ph.D.

Syllabus

Week 1: instructions - introduction to methods of measurement, calculation methods, roles for an entire semester (cyclic tasks for pairs of students familiar with the safety regulations for work on electrical installations in student labs)
Week 2 first laboratory measurement tasks according to the schedule
Week 3 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 4 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 5 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 6 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 7 consultation, corrections, measurement of errorneous exercises
Week 8 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 9 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 10 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 11 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 12 following measurements according to schedule and commit the previous measurements and calculated examples
Week 13 exam and submission of the minutes of the previous measurements, credit
Laboratory exercises:
Frequency dependence of sound absorption coefficient
Frequency analysis of sound
Frequency analysis of sound reverberation time in the room,
Determination of electrical resistance by direct method
Determination of electrical capacity by direct method
Determination of inductance and quality of coil by direct method
VA characteristics of semiconductor diodes
Determination of transistor characteristics
Determination of elementary charge from transistor characteristics
Determination of specific heat capacity of solids calorimeter
Determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion
Determination of thermal conductivity bricks transient method
Determination of Poisson adiabatic constant of air
Determination of calibration curve thermocouple
Determination of calibration curve thermistor
Determination of calibration curve thermo-diode
Determination of the coefficient of heat pump
The dependence of the coefficient of the absorption of light in translucent materials versus the wavelength of light
Determination of the total luminous flux of the point light source
Acoustic emission during static stress of concrete sample
Determination of roughness of fracture surfaces by means of the confocal microscope