1.Metal bond – electric, thermal, optical properties. Comparison with covalent bond. Band theory. Origin of bands, width of band gap, conductivity, light reflection, periodic potential and effect of temperature 2. Close packing, basic types of crystal lattice, relations of unit cell and close packed planes, atomic packing factor.3. Miller´s indicies, groups of equivalent planes. 4. Categorization of metals according their properties, purity (terms base, baseic metal, alloying elements, impurities), according industrial production volumes. Common nonferrous metals and their use, categorization according melting temperature. Comparison with Van der Waals, covalent and ionic crystal. Polymorphism (examples of tin and iron). 5. Defects o lattices . Point defects – types, stable configurations, energy, formation, effect on electric, diffusion and mechanical properties. Dislocations – types, formation, energy. Interactions dislocation-point defect, dislocation – dislocation, dislocation – grain boundary. Effetcs on mechanical and chemical properties of grain boundaries, effect on hardening. Planar defects – grain boundaries, dislocation walls, twinning. Effects of twinning on mechanical properties. Formation of twins. 3-D defects – cavities etc. 6. Solid solutions – interstitial, substitutional. Ordering of structure, correspondence with structure of pure metal. Hume-Rothery rules. Intermetallic phases , categorization in consequence of Hume-Rothery rules mismatch. Interstitial compounds, Laves phases, electrochemical compounds, electron compounds (secondary solid solutions. Hume-Rothery phases), sigma phase. Fundamental properties and examples. 7. Gibbs energy, relationship wit temperature. Transformation temperature. Nucleation, energy balance. Crystal growth. Conditions of dendritic growth, segregation. TTT diagrams. 8. Equilibrium diagrams (miscibility in solid and liquid state, limits and changes of miscibility), eutectics – formation leading phase, morphology, composition, phase-like properties. 9. Phenomena in phasediagrams? Peritectical transformation, stoichiometric compound, secondary solid solution. Congruent and incongruent melting. Transfomation of one component of the mixture, its identification in phase diagram. Ternary diagrams – possible sections (isothermal, c = const., a:b = const). 10. Diffusion – mechanisms (Interstitial and vacancy), Fick´s laws, formula for semiinfinite body., error function. Diffusion coefficient evaluation, its dependence on temperature. Arrhenius equation parameters evaluation (activation energy, frequency factor). Meaning of diffusion (phase transformation), up-hil diffusion. 11. Martensite, sorbite, upper and lower bainite. Quenching, tempering. Continuous cooling diagram, isothermal transformation diagram, Quenchability, Jominy – end quench test. Requirements for quenching. Widmanstaeten structures. 12. Killing of steel and its consequences. Weldability, heat affected zone. Problems of welding of alloyed steels, stabilization. 13. Electrode potentials. Zinc and copper immersed in solutions of eigen cations. Standard conditions, salt bridge, SHE. Nernst equation. Oxygen and hydrogen depolarization. Theory of macrocells, microcells, theory of grain boundaries, charge fluctuations and kinetic theory of mixed potentials. Pourbaix digrams. Controlling of electrode potential.14. Categorization of corrosion – general, pitting, intercrystalline, transcrystalline, crevice corrosion. Diferrential aeration. 15. Corrosion tests. ISO 9227. 16. – 25. Metallography and other testing methods, categorization and number designation of industrial alloys.