Course detail

Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

FEKT-BPC-RADAcad. year: 2021/2022

The subject offers a theoretical and practical outline of imaging methods i.e. radiology and nuclear medicine. Besides the methods using x-ray radiation (emission and transmission methods) for imaging the subject the subject covers magnetic resonance and sonography. Comparison of the technical parameters of methods, both hardware and software. Data transfer and storage with focus on DICOM PACS, RIS a NIS formats.

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

6

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Guarantor

Prof. MUDr. Vlastimil Válek, CSc.

Department

Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno (LF MU)

Learning outcomes of the course unit

The knowledge of the technical principles of methods applied in radiology and nuclear medicine, practical applications, use in practice and interdisciplinary approach to the study area, protection of the patient.
The student is able to:
- Classify the technical principles of the methods in radiology and nuclear medicine
- Explain the principles of classical X-ray imaging system
- Explain the principles of transmission X-ray imaging systems
- Describe the way of magnetic resonance image creation
- Define the advantages and disadvantages of different imaging modalities.
- Discuss appropriate ways of transmission and storage of imaging modalities.

Prerequisites

It requires knowledge of physics at the secondary school level. Students should be able to define the types of ionizing radiation. He should be able to describe and explain the relationship to calculate the frequency and wavelength. It also requires knowledge of general anatomy of the human body.

Co-requisites

Not applicable.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Teaching methods depend on the type of course unit as specified in the article 7 of BUT Rules for Studies and Examinations.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

Up to 20 points for exercises (test).
Up to 80 points for the exam.
Exam aims to test knowledge of principles of imaging modalities in medicine that uses X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging. It also focuses on the verification of knowledge of the parameters of each modality and the possibility of transmission and archiving of data with focus on DICOM format, PACS, RIS and HIS.

Course curriculum

1. Basic physical quantities occurring in radiology and nuclear medicine.
2. The principle of conventional X-ray imaging systems.
3. The principle of X-ray transmission systems.
4. Methods used in nuclear medicine.
5. Principle of protection of patient.
6. Principle of nuclear magnetic resonance.
7. Methods of image acquisition in nuclear magnetic resonance.
8. Principles of ultrasonography.
9. Comparison of the presented imaging modalities.
10. Description of DICOM format.
11. PACS, RIS, HIS systems.
12. Principles of medical data backup.

Work placements

Not applicable.

Aims

The course has as objective to present the theoretical and practical overview of the methods that are used in radiology and nuclear medicine, their constraints and possibilities focused on the technical aspects of methods and practical exercises. It is primarily a technical overview of the principles of methods used in radiology and nuclear medicine. Emphasis is placed on the importance of protecting the patient.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

Extent and forms are specified by guarantor’s regulation updated for every academic year.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

BLAŽEK, Oskar et al. Radiologie a nukleární medicína. Praha: Avicenum, 1989. (CS)
CHUDÁČEK, Zdeněk. Radiodiagnostika I. část. Brno: IPVZ, 1995. ISBN 80-7013-114-4. (CS)
NEKULA, Josef et al. Radiologie. Olomouc: UP Olomouc, 2001. ISBN 80-244-0259-9. (CS)
VÁLEK, Vlastimil et al. Moderní diagnostické metody. Brno: IDV, 2000. (díl I – VI) (CS)

Recommended reading

Not applicable.

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme BPC-BTB Bachelor's 2 year of study, summer semester, compulsory

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

26 hod., optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

Prof. MUDr. Vlastimil Válek, CSc.

Syllabus

1. Origin of x-ray radiation, sciagraphy and sciascopy
2. X-ray apparatus, tools, accessories and protective aids
3. Film material, processing, digitization, storage
4. Radiation protection of the patient and staff
5. Theoretical principles of Ultrasound
6. Theoretical principles of CT
7. Theoretical principles of MR 1
8. Theoretical principles of MR 2
9. Theoretical principles of DSA
10. Theoretical principles and application of nuclear medicine methods
11. Theoretical principles and use of Spect
12. Theoretical principles and use of PET
13. Digital archives, PACS, teleradiology, telemedicine

Laboratory exercise

52 hod., compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

Prof. MUDr. Vlastimil Válek, CSc.

Syllabus

1. Apparatus x-ray apparatus, tools, accessories and protective aids, origin, creation and quality of X-ray image, factors affecting its quality
2. Film material, film programs, procesing of film material and technical defects of rentgenograms, storage and communication systems, direct digitization, indirect digitization
3. Sciascopy, tomography, kinematography, videorecording, digital recording, memory luminescence foils, direct digital radiography
4. Ultrasound – setting the apparatus, modifications of images – practical applications of theoretical principles - demonstration
5. Ultrasound – physical principles, hazards, software + demonstration on ultrasound apparatus
6. CT – physical principles, hazards, software + demonstration
7. CT – modern trends in image processing + demonstration
8. Conventional angiography, DSA, angiography direct, synoptic, selective, superselective, angiographic laboratory - practical exercises
9. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): image localization and reconstruction, pulse sequence, spin echo, gradients, Fourier transform, T1, T2, proton density
10. Basics of the MR technique – apparatus, parts of MR
11. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MR spectroscopy, technical design-structure of the MR scanner, demonstration – clinical examples, comparison with other imaging methods, health hazards
12. Nuclear medicine – demonstration of individual methods, collimating lenses, function and categories, movement scintigraph, scintillation camera - componets, specifications, data processing in nuclear medicine, digitization in NM, portable scintillation gamma probe
13. Specificities of imaging by the mobile x-ray apparatus, in the operating theatre, traumatology, specificities of pediatric radiodiagnostics.