Czech

Not applicable.

Knowledge: The student can enumerate and describe the basic relations in public finances, can analyse, describe and explain the links between public finances and elections. The student can explain the terms public good, the public sector, public revenue and expenditure, budgetary system, public budget and tax revenue. They can define the main aspects of decision-making in the public sector. They can analyse the impact of a budget deficit and public debt on the economic development of the country both in the short and long term.
Skills: The student can find, sort and correctly interpret socioeconomic data concerning the public sector, is able to consider the impact of expected fiscal developments at the levels of the central and decentralised budgets. They are able to foresee the consequences of fiscal development for the enterprise.
General abilities: The student has the ability to orient themselves in current politico-economic reality, continuously monitors and evaluates the economic, political and social situation in the Czech Republic and in the international context. They are able to analyse the normally available information on the economic and political development of the country. They can work in a team and are able to present their views and defend them in discussion.

Secondary school level knowledge of the political and voting system in the Czech Republic. Basic macroeconomic aggregates and relations.

Not applicable.

Lectures consist of an explanation of basic principles, methodology of the discipline, problems and their solutions. Seminars are focussed on the practical mastery of the essentials, extending knowledge of the public sector and support teamwork among students and their ability to discuss and present.

The basic topics that make up the course are as follows:
1. Introduction to the study of public finances. Terms: public good, the public sector, public finance, budgetary system and public budget.
2. The theory of public choices, the specifics of decision-making in the public sector. Approaches to decision-making and their influence on the results. The political and electoral system in the Czech Republic and the financing of political parties.
3. Public revenues. The classification of public revenues. Tax and non-tax revenues.
4. Public expenditure. The classification of public expenditure. Public expenditure and aggregate demand. Factors influencing growth in public expenditure. The efficiency of public expenditure.
5. The fundamentals of tax theory and tax policy. The history of tax. Tax principle and the fairness and efficiency of taxes. Tax quotas. Tax policy.
6. Fiscal federalism. Basic terms, centralisation vs. decentralisation. Models of fiscal federalism.
7. International aspects of public finances. The EU budget process. EU budget revenues and expenditure, the position of the Czech Republic.
8. The budgetary system of the Czech Republic. Uniformity of the budgetary system. The system of public budgets. Parafiscal funds. The budgets of local government bodies.
9. The state budget. The concept of the state budget in financial and legal terms. The budget process. Revenues and expenditure in the state budget. The significance of the state budget in the budgetary system.
10. The budget deficit and public debt. Causes and possible solutions. The situation in the Czech Republic and other countries.
11. The ethics of public finances. The significance of ethics in the public sector and public finances. The ethics of redistribution. Ethical codices.
12. Social policy and social security. Models and instruments of social security. Social security in the Czech Republic.
13. The fundamentals of finances in selected branches of the public sector. The financing of education, science and research, and healthcare. The situation in the Czech Republic and other selected countries.

Not applicable.

The main objective of the course is to create a link between public finance theory and, in the broader sense, public economy theory on the one hand, and the modern application of these theories in the sphere of public finance on the other. To achieve this it is necessary that students acquire a basic knowledge of public finance and public economics and understand the dependence of public finance on public choices.

Attendance at lectures is recommended, while attendance at seminars is monitored. Teaching takes place in accordance with the semester timetable. The means of substituting for missed lectures and seminars is fully in the teachers’ competence.

Not applicable.

KUBÁTOVÁ, K. Daňová teorie a politika. 7. vyd. Praha: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. (CS)
LAJTKEPOVÁ, E. Veřejné finance v praxi České republiky. 1. vyd. Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM, 2021. (CS)
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VANČUROVÁ, A., LÁCHOVÁ, L. a H. ZÍDKOVÁ.  Daňový systém ČR. 1.vyd. Praha: Wolters Kluwer, 2020. (CS)