Course detail
Molecular Biology
FEKT-MPA-MOLAcad. year: 2021/2022
Course is conceived as an introduction into molecular biology. It gives the explanation of processes on molecular level in relation to the basic functions of living systems (procaryotic as well as eucaryotic organisms and viruses). On the whole, the general molecular processes occuring in living systems are emphasized with respect to the specificities characteristic of the main groups of living systems (bacteria, archea, plants, animals and viruses).
Language of instruction
English
Number of ECTS credits
6
Mode of study
Not applicable.
Guarantor
Learning outcomes of the course unit
The student will be able to:
- describe principles of processes in living organisms on molecular level,
- explain gene expression,
- describe principle of cell signalling,
- discus changes of genetic information.
- describe principles of processes in living organisms on molecular level,
- explain gene expression,
- describe principle of cell signalling,
- discus changes of genetic information.
Prerequisites
The student should be able to explain fundamental principles of genetics, should know basic terms and laws of molecular biology. Generally, knowledge on the level of Bachelor study is required.
Co-requisites
Not applicable.
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
Teaching methods depend on the type of course unit as specified in the article 7 of BUT Rules for Studies and Examinations.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
up to 40 points from computer exercises (2 tests, 1 homework, and activity in labs)
up to 60 points from finel written exam
The exam is oriented to verification of orientation in advanced terms of molecular biology.
up to 60 points from finel written exam
The exam is oriented to verification of orientation in advanced terms of molecular biology.
Course curriculum
1. Introduction to the study of molecular biology. Cell, the chemical composition of cells, chemical energy, protein: structure and function, structure and function of nucleic acids.
2. Genetic information, genetic code, gene definitions, types of gene structure and information content of genomes.
3. Replication of DNA (the participating enzymes and mechanisms).
4. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, posttranscriptional RNA editing.
5. Translation, transfer RNA, ribosomes, cotranslational and posttranslational processes.
6. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, structure and properties of the promoter, the positive and negative regulation of operon, attenuation.
7. Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, transcription factors, transcriptional. Cell division, cell cycle control.
8. Molecular basis for the development of immunite molecules.
9. Cell signaling (signal molecules, receptors, signaling pathways). The structure of the membranes, transfer of substances through the membrane, the communication between cells.
10. Changes in genetic information, mutation, general and site-specific recombination, repair of damaged DNA mutant.
11. Mobile elements (prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposons, retrotransposons). Tissues.
12. Introduction of genetic engineering, production of transgenic organisms, and their use, in vitro mutagenesis, gene therapy.
13. Basics of using biochemical methods in molecular biology.
2. Genetic information, genetic code, gene definitions, types of gene structure and information content of genomes.
3. Replication of DNA (the participating enzymes and mechanisms).
4. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, posttranscriptional RNA editing.
5. Translation, transfer RNA, ribosomes, cotranslational and posttranslational processes.
6. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, structure and properties of the promoter, the positive and negative regulation of operon, attenuation.
7. Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, transcription factors, transcriptional. Cell division, cell cycle control.
8. Molecular basis for the development of immunite molecules.
9. Cell signaling (signal molecules, receptors, signaling pathways). The structure of the membranes, transfer of substances through the membrane, the communication between cells.
10. Changes in genetic information, mutation, general and site-specific recombination, repair of damaged DNA mutant.
11. Mobile elements (prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposons, retrotransposons). Tissues.
12. Introduction of genetic engineering, production of transgenic organisms, and their use, in vitro mutagenesis, gene therapy.
13. Basics of using biochemical methods in molecular biology.
Work placements
Not applicable.
Aims
The aim of the course is to provide knowledge of differences of eukaryots, prokaryots and viruses in molecular biology.
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
Computer exercises are obligatory. Excused absence can be substituted.
Recommended optional programme components
Not applicable.
Prerequisites and corequisites
Not applicable.
Basic literature
Alberts et al.: Molecular biology of the cell 7th. W. W. Norton & Company. 2022. (EN)
Recommended reading
Not applicable.
Classification of course in study plans
- Programme MPC-BTB Master's 0 year of study, winter semester, compulsory-optional
Type of course unit
Lecture
26 hod., optionally
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Introduction to study of molecular biology, genesis and development. Cell, chemical composition, chemical energy, proteins: structure and function, structure and function of nucleic acid.
2. Genetic information, genetic code, definition of gene, types of genes, structure and information content of genomes.
3. Replication of DNA (enzymes and mechanism).
4. Transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, posttranscription of RNA.
5. Translation, transfer RNA, ribosomes, cotranslation and posttranslation processes.
6. Regulace genové exprese u prokaryot, struktura a vlastnosti promotoru, pozitivní a negativní regulace operonu, atenuace.
7. Regulace genové exprese u eukaryot, transkripční faktory, zesilovače transkripce. Buněčné dělení, kontrola buněčného cyklu
8. Molekulární základ tvorby imunitních molekul.
9. Buněčné signalizace (signální molekuly, receptory, signální dráhy). Struktura membrán, přenos látek přes membrány, komunikace mezi buňkami.
10. Změny genetické informace, mutace, obecná a místně specifická rekombinace, reparace mutačně poškozené DNA.
11. Mobilní elementy (prokaryotické a eukaryotické transpozony, retrotranspozony). Tkáně.
12. Základy genového inženýrství, příprava transgenních organismů a jejich využití, mutageneze in vitro, příprava biopreparátů metodami GI, genové terapie.
13. Základy použití biochemických metod v molekulární biologii.
2. Genetic information, genetic code, definition of gene, types of genes, structure and information content of genomes.
3. Replication of DNA (enzymes and mechanism).
4. Transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, posttranscription of RNA.
5. Translation, transfer RNA, ribosomes, cotranslation and posttranslation processes.
6. Regulace genové exprese u prokaryot, struktura a vlastnosti promotoru, pozitivní a negativní regulace operonu, atenuace.
7. Regulace genové exprese u eukaryot, transkripční faktory, zesilovače transkripce. Buněčné dělení, kontrola buněčného cyklu
8. Molekulární základ tvorby imunitních molekul.
9. Buněčné signalizace (signální molekuly, receptory, signální dráhy). Struktura membrán, přenos látek přes membrány, komunikace mezi buňkami.
10. Změny genetické informace, mutace, obecná a místně specifická rekombinace, reparace mutačně poškozené DNA.
11. Mobilní elementy (prokaryotické a eukaryotické transpozony, retrotranspozony). Tkáně.
12. Základy genového inženýrství, příprava transgenních organismů a jejich využití, mutageneze in vitro, příprava biopreparátů metodami GI, genové terapie.
13. Základy použití biochemických metod v molekulární biologii.
Laboratory exercise
39 hod., compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Izolace DNA (kultivace a charakterizace buněčných kultur), příprava pro izolaci, izolační techniky a postupy
2. Gelová elektroforéza (metody založené na separaci nukleových kyselin na agarózových a polyakrylamidových gelech)
3. Restrikční štěpení (endonukleásové enzymy štěpící nukleové kyselin na fragmenty, praktické možnosti, RFLP)
4. Automatická čipová elektroforéza (hybridizační techniky, interakce nukleových kyselin s membránami, vizualizace).
2. Gelová elektroforéza (metody založené na separaci nukleových kyselin na agarózových a polyakrylamidových gelech)
3. Restrikční štěpení (endonukleásové enzymy štěpící nukleové kyselin na fragmenty, praktické možnosti, RFLP)
4. Automatická čipová elektroforéza (hybridizační techniky, interakce nukleových kyselin s membránami, vizualizace).