Course detail

Medical diagnostic devices

FEKT-BPC-LDTAcad. year: 2022/2023

The topics in this course cover operating principles and construction of diagnostic devices and systems for recording of electrical biosignals and non-electric characteristics from human body (ECG,EEG,EMG, EGG, impedance measurements, recording of blood pressure, measurement of blood flow, pletysmography, temperature measurment). The LabView programming environment is used for practicle experiences with acquisition and processing of different biosignal. The Vernier sensors and acquisition cards are used for this purpose as well.

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

5

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Guarantor

Ing. Jiří Sekora, MBA

Department

Department of Biomedical Engineering (UBMI)

Learning outcomes of the course unit

Student will obtain knowledge about principles and properties of selected medical instrumentation used for diagnosis. Student will be able to apply this knowledge during data/signal interpretation or during specification and selection process of medical instruments. The student is able to:
- describe principles of bio-amplifiers,
- list their properties,
- describe and explain principles of amplifiers for ECG, EEG and EMG sensing,
- describe and explain methods and devices for non-invasive blood pressure measurement,
- list methods for blood flow measurement,
- explain dilution method for blood flow measurement,
- apply Doppler principle for blood flow measurement,
- define principle of methods in pletysmography,
- discuss and define source of errors in selected diagnostic approaches,
- explain principle of X-ray imaging systems,
- explain principle of X-ray CT imaging systems,
- explain principle of PET/SPECT imaging systems,
- explain principle of ultrasound imaging systems.

Prerequisites

Student should be able to describe basic pasive electronic components (resistance, inductance, capacitance) and should have knowledge about basic physical laws and properties of physical fields obtained in Physics I and II.

Co-requisites

Not applicable.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Techning methods include lectures and practical laboratories. Course is taking advantage of e-learning (Moodle) system. Students have to write three assignment during the course.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

Laboratory work - 0 - 20 points.
Test included in final exam - 0 - 30 points.
Eexam - 0 - 50 points.
The test is oriented to basic terminology.
The exam verify knowledge in principle of medical instrumentation and understanding to meaning of different instrumentation's parameters.

Course curriculum

1. The recording electrodes, polarization, types of electrodes.
2. Amplifiers for biosignals acquisition. Requirements on amplifier and its design.
3. Electrocardiography, properties of ECG signal, principle of sensing and design of electrocardiograph.
4. Electroencephalography, properties of EGG signal, principle of sensing and design of electroencephalograph.
5. Electromyography, properties of EMG signal, principle of sensing and design of electromyograph. Stimulators.
6. Phonocardiography - sensing of heart's sounds, properties of signal, design of electrophonograph.
7. Pletysmography - impedance and optic principles.
8. Blood pressure monitoring - invasive and non-invasive approach.
9. Instrumentation for respiratory monitoring, apnea alarm.
10. Blood flow monitoring.
11. Principles of temperature sensing.
12. Monitoring of the vital functions and its link to hospital information system.

Work placements

Not applicable.

Aims

The aim of this course is to provide a fundamental knowledge in acquisition of basic electric and non-electric biosignals and to provide a description and meaning about parameters provided by manufacturers of different medical devices and imaging modalities.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

Laboratory exercises are obligatory. Excused absence can be substituted.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

Bronzino, J.D. The Biomedical engineering Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1995
Drastich A.: Zobrazovací systémy v lékařství, VUT FEI, Brno 1989
Drastich A.:Netelevizní zobrazovací systémy, UBMI FEI VUT v Brně 2001
Chmelař M.: Lékarská laboratorní technika, skriptum VUT 2000
Chmelař M.: Lékařská přístrojová technika 1, Akademické nakladatelství CERM1995
Krstel E.: Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics, Siemens aktiengesellschaft, Berlin 1990
Rozman,J. a kol. Elektronické přístroje v lékařství, Academia, 2006

Recommended reading

Not applicable.

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme BPC-AUD Bachelor's

    specialization AUDB-TECH , 0 year of study, winter semester, elective

  • Programme BPC-ECT Bachelor's 0 year of study, winter semester, elective
  • Programme BPC-IBE Bachelor's 0 year of study, winter semester, elective
  • Programme BPC-MET Bachelor's 0 year of study, winter semester, elective
  • Programme BPC-SEE Bachelor's 0 year of study, winter semester, elective
  • Programme BPC-TLI Bachelor's 0 year of study, winter semester, elective
  • Programme BPC-AMT Bachelor's 0 year of study, winter semester, elective

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

26 hod., optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

Ing. Jiří Sekora, MBA

Syllabus

1. Sensing of the biological signals - sensing electrodes, polarization of the electrodes.
2. Amplifiers for biological signals - technical parameters of the amplifiers and its design.
3. Electroencephalography - equipment, principle of its function and technical parameters. Additive equipment for EEG.
4. Electrocardiography - equipment, principle of its function and technical parameters.
5. Electromyography - equipment, principle of its function and technical parameters. Additive equipment for EMG. 6. 6. Blood pressure measurement (invasive and non invasive methods). Principle of function.
7. Blood flow measurment - dilution techniques, Doppler techniques.
8. Pletysmography - capacitance principle, photoelectric method, impedance measurement.
9. Rewiev of the monitoring systems - function and principles, list of physiological variables for monitoring, monitoring system and its coupling at the hospital information system.
10. X-ray imaging systems - description both the convenctional and digital skiascopic and the skigraphics systems; using of the X-ray systems for the diagnostics purpose.
11. Computerized X-ray tomography - elementary principles of construction of the standard and the helical computerised tomographs; using of the X-ray systems for the diagnostics purpose.
12. Gama-ray imaging systems - construction principles of the planar Gama-ray imaging systems; using of the Gama-ray imaging systems for the diagnostic purpose.
13. Tissue ultrasound imaging systems - principle of the imaging method; using of the ultrasound imaging systems for the diagnostic purposes.

Laboratory exercise

26 hod., compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

doc. Ing. Jana Kolářová, Ph.D.
Ing. Jiří Sekora, MBA
Ing. Martin Králík

Syllabus

1. LabView - introduction, basic mathematic operations.
2. LabView - basic program structures.
3. Filtering and spectral analysis in LabView.
4. LabPro and data acquisition devices.
5. R-wave detection in LabView I, individual work.
6. R-wave detection in LabView II, individual work.
7. R-wave detection in LabView III, individual work.
8. Practical spirometry.
9. Design and construction of ECG amplifier I.
10. Design and construction of ECG amplifier II.
11. Design and realization of antialiasing filter I.
12. Design and realization of antialiasing filter II.
13. Test.