English

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Of all faculties

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1. Magnetic Resonance Phenomenom - history, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) vs electron magnetic resonance, NMR spectroscopy and imagin. Physical principles of magnetic resonance - quantum-mechanistic model, vector model, Bloch´s equations, precesion, relaxation.
2. Basic NMR experiments - excitation, FID signal, spin echo, gradient echo, acquistion parameter - repetition time (TR), TE time, image weighting by relaxation times T1 and T2.
3. NMR hardware - main magnet, permanent and superconducting magnet, active and passive shimming, homogenity of main field B0, gradient coils, RF coils for different applications.
4. NMR imaging - from proton to image, slice excitation/selection, k-space, frequency and phase encoding, image reconstruction.
5. Pulse sequences - spin echo, gradient echo, inversion recovery, saturation recovery, fast sequences - multi-shot, multi-band, EPI.
6. Special applications - using of gadolinium based contrast agent, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), perfusion parameters mapping - DCE, DSC, spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging (dMRI).
7. Using of ultrasound in medical imaging - wave equation, ultrasound wave described as change of pressure in time and spate, acoustic impedance, reflection. Magnetostriction and piezoelectric crystals, transducers.
8. Ultrasound system - development chart, ultrasound transducer types - linear, convex, phase-array. Different types of contstruction, hardware and software focusing. TGC amplifier, data conversion, imaging. Basic ultrasound modes - A mode, B mode, 3D imaging, TM mode, artifacts and image quality assessment.
9. Advanced ultrasound techniques - Doppler effect, coninutous Doppler, pulse-wave Doppler, color and power Doppler, ultrasound contrast agents, perfusion imaging - overview of techniques for qualitative and quantitative assessment of perfusion parameters. Elastography, ultrasound tomography, photoacoustic imaging.
10. Endocsopy - principles of visible light endoscopy, types of constructions - rigid, endoscopic mirror, flexible (fibroscopy), capsule endoscopy, ultrasound in endoscopy (transesofageal echocardiography, others). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
11. Thermography (infrared cameras) - physical principles of thermography, noctovision, Planck emission law, Wien law, Stefan-Boltzman law, emissivity, absorptivity, absolute black body, illustration of inrared radiation detection.
12. Thermography - principles of construcvtions, optical systems for inrared radiation - lens, mirrors, detection of radiation - selective (photon) and nonselective (thermic) detectors, advantages, disadvantages, cooling and thermal stabilization of detectors, microbolometric 2D FPA arrays, using of inrared cameras in medicine, achieved parameters.

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BRONZINO, Joseph D. The biomedical engineering handbook. Medical Devices and Systems. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006. ISBN 0849321220. (CS)
HILL, C. R, J. C BAMBER a G. ter HAAR. Physical principles of medical ultrasonics. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley, c2004. ISBN 978-0-471-97002-6. (CS)
JERROLD T. BUSHBERG .. Essential physics of medical imaging. 3. ed., Internat. ed. S.l.: Lippincott Williams And W, 2011. ISBN 9781451118100. (CS)
MCROBBIE, Donald W. MRI from picture to proton. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0521683845. (CS)

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