Course detail
Nonmetallic Materials
FSI-WNEAcad. year: 2022/2023
The introductory course of non-metallic inorganic materials focused on the structure of ceramic materials and their physical and chemical properties. Lectures also provide, in addition to specific information on ceramic materials, the theoretical foundations of chemical thermodynamics and introduction to polymers.
Language of instruction
Czech
Number of ECTS credits
7
Mode of study
Not applicable.
Guarantor
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Students will be able to use the acquired knowledge in the related master studies of material engineering and apply it to the solution of appropriate problems of industrial practice particularly the problems connected with the selection of special ceramic materials.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of physics, chemical thermodynamics and kinetics and also synthesis of ceramics on the level of introductory university courses is assumed.
Co-requisites
Not applicable.
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Teaching is suplemented by practical laboratory work.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
Course-unit credit requirements: attendance at seminars and fulfilment of assignments. Examination verifies the knowledge of the theory and its applications to solving practical problems. The exam consists of written and oral parts; students take the oral exam even though they do not succeed in the written part.
Course curriculum
Not applicable.
Work placements
Not applicable.
Aims
The objective of the course is to make students familiar with the fundamentals of ceramic material science from the viewpoint of structure-properties relations.
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
Attendance at all practical lessons and fulfilment of assignments is required. In case students do not meet these conditions they can be given additional assignments.
Recommended optional programme components
Not applicable.
Prerequisites and corequisites
Not applicable.
Basic literature
D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker: Fyzika, Část 2: Mechanika – Termodynamika, VUTIUM, Brno 2000 (CS)
D.W.Richerson: Modern Ceramic Engineering,Marcel Dekker,New York 1992 (EN)
GREEN, D. J. An introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 336 s. ISBN 0-521-59913-x. (EN)
J. Cihlář: Chemie slévárenských materiálů, Nakladatelství VUT v Brně, 1991 (CS)
K. Maca: Základy chemické termodynamiky a kinetiky, učební texty ÚMVI, 2005 (CS)
M.W.Barsoum: Fundamentals of Ceramics, IOP Publishing, London 2003 (EN)
V. Šatava: Úvod do Fyzikální Chemie Silikátů: SNTL, Praha, 1965 (CS)
W.D.Kingery, H.K.Bowen and D.R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics,Wiley, New York 1976 (EN)
D.W.Richerson: Modern Ceramic Engineering,Marcel Dekker,New York 1992 (EN)
GREEN, D. J. An introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 336 s. ISBN 0-521-59913-x. (EN)
J. Cihlář: Chemie slévárenských materiálů, Nakladatelství VUT v Brně, 1991 (CS)
K. Maca: Základy chemické termodynamiky a kinetiky, učební texty ÚMVI, 2005 (CS)
M.W.Barsoum: Fundamentals of Ceramics, IOP Publishing, London 2003 (EN)
V. Šatava: Úvod do Fyzikální Chemie Silikátů: SNTL, Praha, 1965 (CS)
W.D.Kingery, H.K.Bowen and D.R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics,Wiley, New York 1976 (EN)
Recommended reading
J. Cihlář: Chemie slévárenských materiálů, Nakladatelství VUT v Brně, 1991 (CS)
D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker: Fyzika, Část 2: Mechanika – Termodynamika, VUTIUM, Brno 2000 (CS)
M.W.Barsoum: Fundamentals of Ceramics, IOP Publishing, London 2003
W.D.Kingery, H.K.Bowen and D.R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics,Wiley, New York 1976
D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker: Fyzika, Část 2: Mechanika – Termodynamika, VUTIUM, Brno 2000 (CS)
M.W.Barsoum: Fundamentals of Ceramics, IOP Publishing, London 2003
W.D.Kingery, H.K.Bowen and D.R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics,Wiley, New York 1976
Classification of course in study plans
Type of course unit
Lecture
39 hod., optionally
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Principles of chemical thermodynamics
Classification of thermodynamic systems, variables and relationships. Equilibrium criteria. First and second thermodynamic theorem, types of energy in systems, entropy.
2. Relationships and variables
Thermodynamic potentials of closed systems. Criterion and conditions for derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermochemistry. Heat capacities. Dependence of heat capacities, reaction heat, entropy and Gibbs energy on temperature. Changes in Gibbs energy in chemical reactions.
3. Phase equilibria - single- and multi-component homogeneous systems (solutions) .Gibbs phase law. Single-phase phase diagrams in (p, T) space. Clapeyron and Clausius - Clapeyron equations. Multi-component systems: expression of composition, partial molar variables, chemical potential. Ideal solutions - gases, liquids. Raoult's law. Real solutions.
4. Phase equilibria - multi-component heterogeneous systems (mixtures).
Multi-phase, multi-component, non-reactive systems. Balance of gaseous and liquid phase of the mixture. Reactions in multiphase systems. Activities and activity coefficients. Van't Hoff's isotherm. Equilibrium constant. Equilibrium conditions in systems with curved surfaces. Surface tension. Young - Laplace's equation. Capilarity.
5. Polymers
Basic terms, history, nomenclature, chemical composition of polymers, structure of polymers, molecular weight and its determination, basic properties of polymers, polyreaction.
6. Bonding in non-metallic inorganic materials (NAM)
Structure of atoms. Solids with ionic bonding and covalent bonding. Intermediate forces.
Structure of NAM - Crystal Structures. Binary ionic compounds. Composite crystalline structures.
7. Structure of glass and crystalline NAMs
Creating glasses. Models of glass structure. Structure of oxide glasses
Structural defects - Spot defects: stoichiometric, non-stoichiometric, internal. Notation of point defects. Linear defects. Planar defects
NAM Microstructure - Microstructural Characteristics. Typical microstructures: advanced ceramics, glass, ceramics.
8. Phase diagrams of selected NAMs
Binary and ternary diagrams of significant NAMs. Mixability of the phase-intermediate compounds-solid NAM solutions. Chemical Reactions in NAM - Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions.
9. Thermal and mechanical properties
Thermal capacity and conductivity. Thermal expansion. Temperature shock. Micropraying NAM. Strength and fracture toughness NAM. Mechanisms of bruising. Influence of external conditions on aging and NAM corrosion.
10. Band Theory
Dielectric properties. Polarization mechanisms. Dielectric losses. Capacitors and insulators. Electrical conductivity in NAM diffusion and conductivity. Ion and electron conductivity. SOFC.
11. Magnetic properties and optical properties of NAM
Para-, ferro-, and antiferro- and ferrimagnetism. Magnetic NAM. Optical properties - absorption, scattering, color, photoactivity.
12. Oxide NAM
13. Non-oxide NAM
Classification of thermodynamic systems, variables and relationships. Equilibrium criteria. First and second thermodynamic theorem, types of energy in systems, entropy.
2. Relationships and variables
Thermodynamic potentials of closed systems. Criterion and conditions for derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermochemistry. Heat capacities. Dependence of heat capacities, reaction heat, entropy and Gibbs energy on temperature. Changes in Gibbs energy in chemical reactions.
3. Phase equilibria - single- and multi-component homogeneous systems (solutions) .Gibbs phase law. Single-phase phase diagrams in (p, T) space. Clapeyron and Clausius - Clapeyron equations. Multi-component systems: expression of composition, partial molar variables, chemical potential. Ideal solutions - gases, liquids. Raoult's law. Real solutions.
4. Phase equilibria - multi-component heterogeneous systems (mixtures).
Multi-phase, multi-component, non-reactive systems. Balance of gaseous and liquid phase of the mixture. Reactions in multiphase systems. Activities and activity coefficients. Van't Hoff's isotherm. Equilibrium constant. Equilibrium conditions in systems with curved surfaces. Surface tension. Young - Laplace's equation. Capilarity.
5. Polymers
Basic terms, history, nomenclature, chemical composition of polymers, structure of polymers, molecular weight and its determination, basic properties of polymers, polyreaction.
6. Bonding in non-metallic inorganic materials (NAM)
Structure of atoms. Solids with ionic bonding and covalent bonding. Intermediate forces.
Structure of NAM - Crystal Structures. Binary ionic compounds. Composite crystalline structures.
7. Structure of glass and crystalline NAMs
Creating glasses. Models of glass structure. Structure of oxide glasses
Structural defects - Spot defects: stoichiometric, non-stoichiometric, internal. Notation of point defects. Linear defects. Planar defects
NAM Microstructure - Microstructural Characteristics. Typical microstructures: advanced ceramics, glass, ceramics.
8. Phase diagrams of selected NAMs
Binary and ternary diagrams of significant NAMs. Mixability of the phase-intermediate compounds-solid NAM solutions. Chemical Reactions in NAM - Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions.
9. Thermal and mechanical properties
Thermal capacity and conductivity. Thermal expansion. Temperature shock. Micropraying NAM. Strength and fracture toughness NAM. Mechanisms of bruising. Influence of external conditions on aging and NAM corrosion.
10. Band Theory
Dielectric properties. Polarization mechanisms. Dielectric losses. Capacitors and insulators. Electrical conductivity in NAM diffusion and conductivity. Ion and electron conductivity. SOFC.
11. Magnetic properties and optical properties of NAM
Para-, ferro-, and antiferro- and ferrimagnetism. Magnetic NAM. Optical properties - absorption, scattering, color, photoactivity.
12. Oxide NAM
13. Non-oxide NAM
Laboratory exercise
26 hod., compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Calculations according to chemical equations. Thermochemistry - thermal capacities, reaction heat and their dependence on temperature.
2. Dependence of Gibbs energy on temperature.
Clapeyron equation, Claussius-Clapeyron equation.
4. Composition expression, Surface tension, Young-Laplace equation, classified test.
5. Nomenclature and structure of polymers, molecular weight calculations, examples of polymerizations, polycondensation, polyaddition.
Lab exercises:
6. Preparation of basic technological processes and aids for production of bodies from advanced ceramics by slip-casting method.
7. Practical preparation of stable ceramic suspension and its use for advanced ceramic production by slip-casting method.
8. Geometric adjustment, measurement and evaluation of density of ceramic bodies in green body state.
9. Presentation of students on a given topic, measurement and evaluation of density of ceramic bodies after heat treatment (sintering) and their treatment by embedding in polystyrene for the grinding and polishing process.
10. Keramography of prepared ceramic bodies consisting of manual and automatic grinding and polishing.
11. Evaluation of grain size of prepared ceramics by line method, structural comparison of examined materials, submission of protocol.
12. Excursions in laboratories of the Department of Ceramics IMSE.
13. Credit.
2. Dependence of Gibbs energy on temperature.
Clapeyron equation, Claussius-Clapeyron equation.
4. Composition expression, Surface tension, Young-Laplace equation, classified test.
5. Nomenclature and structure of polymers, molecular weight calculations, examples of polymerizations, polycondensation, polyaddition.
Lab exercises:
6. Preparation of basic technological processes and aids for production of bodies from advanced ceramics by slip-casting method.
7. Practical preparation of stable ceramic suspension and its use for advanced ceramic production by slip-casting method.
8. Geometric adjustment, measurement and evaluation of density of ceramic bodies in green body state.
9. Presentation of students on a given topic, measurement and evaluation of density of ceramic bodies after heat treatment (sintering) and their treatment by embedding in polystyrene for the grinding and polishing process.
10. Keramography of prepared ceramic bodies consisting of manual and automatic grinding and polishing.
11. Evaluation of grain size of prepared ceramics by line method, structural comparison of examined materials, submission of protocol.
12. Excursions in laboratories of the Department of Ceramics IMSE.
13. Credit.