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FEKT-DPA-MA2Acad. year: 2023/2024
The discipline is devoted to description of processes via discrete equations. It consists of three parts:a) basic calculus and basic methods of analysis of discrete processes,b) application of difference equations, investigation of stability processes,c) application of difference equations in control of processes.The plan of discipline is described in the point "Syllabus" in detail. The discipline is recommended for Ph.D. programme students, who will apply discrete and difference relations, equations and numerical algorithms also. As illustration we point to mathematical modelling of phenomena in nanotechnologies, control theory and signal processing.
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Syllabus
I. Basic notions and methods of investigation of discrete processes (5 weeks). Discrete calculus (some difference relations based on corresponding continuous relations). Difference equations and systems. Basic notions used in difference equations (equilibrium points, periodic points, eventually equilibrium points and eventually periodic points, stability of solution, repelling and attracting points) and their illustration on examples (modelling of circuits with the aid of difference equations, the transmission of information). Recursive algorithms of solutions of systems of discrete equations and equations of higher order (the case of constant coefficients, the method of variation of parameters, the method of variation of constants). The computer construction of the general solution. Transformation of some nonlinear equations into linear equations. Difference equations modelled with the aid of sampling, impulses inputs, computation of characteristic from the signal response (response of Dirac distribution), transmission effects.II. Application of difference equations – stability of processes (4 weeks).Stability of equilibrium points. Kinds of stabily and instability. Stability of linear systems with the variable matrix. Stability of nonlinear systems via linearization. Ljapunov direct method of stability. Phase analysis of two-dimensional linear discrete system with constant matrix, classification of equilibrium points. III. Application of difference equations - control of processes (4 weeks).Discrete equivalents of continuous systems. Discrete control theory (the controllability, the complete controllability, matrix of controllability, the canonical forms of controllability, controllable canonical form, construction of the control algorithm). Observability (complete observability, nononservability, principle of duality, the observability matrix, canonical forms of observability, relation of controllability and observability). Stabilization of control by feedback.