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FSI-TF4Acad. year: 2023/2024
The course is concerned with atomic structure of matter, relation of observations in real and reciprocal space, particle character of light (photons), particle and wave character of electrons and particles (atoms, molecules, etc.), fundamentals of quantum mechanics, atoms and their spectra, electronic structure of many atom systems; molecules and solids, fundamentals of nuclear physics.The course also forms the necessary prerequisite for studying quantum mechanics.
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Entry knowledge
Rules for evaluation and completion of the course
Attendance at seminars is required and recorded by the lecturer. Missed seminars have to be compensated.
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Basic literature
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Elearning
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Lecture
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Atomic structure of matterEvolution of the atomic theory. Indirect evidence from chemistry and crystallography. Direct evidence: diffraction and microscopic methods: XRD, LEED, STM/AFM. Observation of atoms, molecules, surfaces and volume of matter.2. Photons and matter wavesThe photon - the quantum of light (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, the double-slit experiment with photons). Electrons and matter waves (the double-slit experiment with electrons). Diffraction of 3. Fundamentals of quantum mechanicsThe wave function and Schroedinger equation, probability density. Heisenbergs uncertainty principle. Barrier tunnelling. One-dimensional electron traps; quantisation. Quantum jumps; absorption and emission of photon. Two- and three dimensional electron traps.4. AtomNuclear atom, atomic spectra. One-electron approximation. Three pillars of electronic structure: quantization of energy and angular momentum, spin and Pauli principle. Atoms in magnetic field (Zeeman effect and Stern-Gerlach experiment). Walk through the periodic system and its interpretation. Atomic spectroscopy (the absorption and emission spectroscopy as a fingerprinting). Photoelectron spectroscopy. Lasers. Magnetic properties of atoms.5. Molecules and solidsMain types of the chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals). The structure of small molecules and their spectra. The structure of solids. The electronic bandstructure of solids; metal and insulator. Semiconductors. Conductivity of metals and semiconductors.6. Fundamentals of nuclear and particle physicsProton and neutron. Nuclear properties. Nuclear binding energies. Radioactive decay. Nuclear reactions; nuclear models; nuclear fission and fusion. And particles, particles, particles.
Exercise
Topic 1: Atomic structure of matter, photons, de Broglie waves (appendix: black body radiation)
Topic 2: Foundations of quantum mechanics (Appendix: Two-level system)
Topic 3: Atom, part I and II (Appendix: Spin)
Topic 4: Molecules and solid state (Appendix: Bonds)
Topic 5: Nuclear physics
Computer-assisted exercise