1. Organization of teaching, architecture of PC class computers, buses in general (address, data, control), memory subsystem, transfer rates, throughput calculation and peripheral circuits.

2. ISA bus, functions, address decoders, signal description, memory-mapped space, isolated mapped space, interrupt subsystem and DMA.

3. PCI bus, topology, functions, time multiplexing, signal description, bus arbitrator (de/centralized), transfer line characteristics.

4. PCI bus, configuration space, fast data transfers without processor involvement, bus master, interrupt subsystem.

5. PCI Express bus, bus version, development until 2023 (gen. 5/6), transfer principles, encoding, physical layer, differential lines and their termination.

6. PCI Express bus, transactional and link layer, transfer rates, QoS, virtual channels, examples of use for data acquisition and embedded devices.

7. Ethernet and its standards from the perspective of the physical layer, methods of signal encoding and negotiating physical layer speed.

8. Ethernet optical interfaces 1 Gbit – 400 Gbit/s, interface for FPGA connection to PCI Express bus.

9. Acquisition and generation of analog signals, sampling theorem and its application to real AD and DA converters, Nyquist zone and its impact on the bandwidth of the converter.

10. Memory circuits, volatile and non-volatile memories, synchronous and asynchronous, SDR, DDR4/5, GDR6, QDR2/3, NAND, SSD, NVMe, transfer speeds and impact on data organization in memory from the Cache perspective.

11. Image sensors CCD, CMOS, area and line, resolution, color depth, color encoding, frame rate. Transfer of image data to PC, interfaces USB, CameraLink, PCIe, analog line, video format.

12. Image sensors data processing - DSP signal processors, video output and generation of image data, displays (monitors and screens, e.g., for virtual reality).