Course detail

Materials for biomedical applications

FEKT-NMBAAcad. year: 2010/2011

The subject will deal with special materials proposed for the use in biomedical praxi. The sensors and special electrodes will be described in one of the main chapters. Another chapter will contain knowledge on new electrochemical power sources for medical devices both stand/alone and implanted such as pacemakers. An important section will be devoted to the corrosion and lifetime of materials in biological environment and to the compatibility if implanted devices in tissues. The influence of charged particles and heavy ions in atmosphere on the condition of human organism will be treated in another section. Finally, the use of NMR for diagnostic and analytical purposes will be described in next section.

Language of instruction

English

Number of ECTS credits

5

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Guarantor

doc. Ing. Marie Sedlaříková, CSc.

Department

Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology (UETE)

Learning outcomes of the course unit

Fundamental comprehension of electrochemical power sources in realtion to biomedical praxis, fundamentals of electrochemical measurements, properties of polymeric and metalic materials for implanted objects and devices. the description of atmospheric ions in air, their measurement and influence, the imaging by magnetic resonance.

Prerequisites

The subject knowledge on the Bachelor´s degree level is requested.

Co-requisites

Not applicable.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Teaching methods depend on the type of course unit as specified in the article 7 of BUT Rules for Studies and Examinations.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

Classification of laboratory work
written test
written part of closing examen

Course curriculum

1. Basic physical properties of tissues and body fluids
2. Corrosion and compatibility of materials in living organisms
3. Electrodes aas sensors for analysis of tissues
4. Chemical power sources for laboratory instrumentation and implanted
devices
5. Materials for biological environment
6. Influence of ions and compounds of selected elements on composition
and properties of fluids from tissues
7. Fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy and tomography and basic
diagnostic methods
8. NMR compatibility of implantates in tissues, magnetic susceptibility of
materials

Work placements

Not applicable.

Aims

The proposed subject will prepare the pregraduate students of FEEC for the solution of technological, economic and ecologic problems connected with the choice, usage and testing of various materials in biomedical applications.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

The content and forms of instruction in the evaluated course are specified by a regulation issued by the lecturer responsible for the course and updated for every academic year.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

Pistoia, G.: Lithium Batteries, New Materials, Developments and Perspective, Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterodam, 1994 (EN)
VONDRÁK, J., SEDLAŘÍKOVÁ, M., REITER, J., NOVÁK, V., NEČESAL, P. Carbon and/ or graphite anodes for gel polymer batteries. In International Meeting on Lithium Batteries. Nara, Japonsko: The Electrochemical Society, Inc., 2004. s. 234 ( s.)ISBN: 1-56677-415- 2. (CS)
Vondrák, J., Sedlaříková,M.,Elektrochemická měření, elektronická verze (CS)

Recommended reading

Bednář B. a kol.:Nové materiály, VŠCHT, Praha 1991 (CS)

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme EECC-MN Master's

    branch MN-EVM , 1 year of study, summer semester, elective specialised

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

26 hod., optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

doc. Ing. Marie Sedlaříková, CSc.

Syllabus

Schedule of lectures (by weeks)
1.Fundamentals properties of tissues and body fluids. The composition of body fluids. Acidity, oxygen kontent and other properties corrosion – important properties.Osmosis.
2.Corrosion and compatibility of materials in living organisms. Fundamentals concepts of electrochemical corrosion on the boundary metal / solution.
3.Electrodes as the analytical sensors of tissues composition.The concept of pH , pO2 and similar quantities. Their relation to Nernst equation
Electrochemical instrumentation for analytical purposes.
4.- 5 . Chemical power cources for laboratory instrumentation and implantates
Accumulators (secondary cells), thein maintenance and properties.Classical primary cells (Leclanche cells).Demands on implanted cells
Lithium batteries, batteries with and without external recharging.
6.- 7. Materials designed for biological environment.Materials for implanted device. Ceramics, polymers, metals. Demands on materials: lifetime, low corrosion, inertia with respekt to tissues and fysiological liquors. Long -lifetime tests.Implanted device - metals, ceramics.

8. The action of positive and negative atmospheric ions on human organism
Charged particles and negative as well as positive ions in atmosphere. Thein concentrations and parameters.Formation and anihilation of atmospheric ions.Basic parameters of the ionised environment
9. Parameters of materials used in Living and Office accomodation spacess; thein influence on the magnitude of the space charge
The role of the suitable ionic climat for human health
10. The influence of atmospheric ions on the composition and properties of body liquids
Speleotherapie.
The influence of negative ions on the amount of ionized oxygen in blood and on psychic and physical activity of human being
11. Principles of NMR spectroscopy a tomography and their diagnostic potentiality
The principles of NMR spectroscopy and MR tomography.
12. Main methods of diagnostics by MR tomography and their using.Creation of contrast in MR picture
Generation of MR pictures considering spin density, relaxation properties of substances, their magnetic susceptibility, and mass flow including diffusion in investigated tissues
Depiction of spin density, the difference between basic sequentions FE and SE and their usage for tissues identifications.
13. NMR compatibility if implanted materials and tissues, magnetic susceptibility of materials
The techniques of MR measurements and visualization of magnetic susceptibilities in human body. Techniques using FE and phase shift
Conductive and magnetic materials in MR depictions and visualizations
Electric properties of materials and their influence on MR figures
The distortion of MR picture by implanted materials (dental, joint) resulting in vanishing of the detested signal

Laboratory exercise

26 hod., compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

doc. Ing. Marie Sedlaříková, CSc.

Syllabus

Schedule of laboratory tasks
1. The conductivity of electrolyte solutions as a diagnostic and analytic tool
Submersible conductivity cell for the evaluation of solution conductivity. Calibration.
The use of conductivity measurement for estimation of purity. Natural waters, distilled water.
Instrumentation: RCL tester, potentiostat AUTOLAB
Utensils: distilled water, KCl, chemical volumetric flasks
Obtained skill: The principle, the difference between an electrotechnical resistor and an electrolytic cell, the selection of frequency, the relation between purity, content of minerals and conductivity of water
2. Corrosion resistance of selected metals
Principle of electrochemical corrosion and protection against it
Method: Using a computerized potentiostat we estimate the pH region of corrosion, stability and passivity of selcted metal sample
Instrumentation: potentiostat AUTOLAB
Utensils: Standard calomel reference electrode, platinum auxiliary electrode, electrodes Fe, Ni, Cu, Al, electrochemical vessel
Solutions: buffer solutions of various pH values, diluted HCl
Obtained skill: Understanding the process of corrosion and passivation of metals
3. The content of calcium ions in natural waters using ion selective electrode
Principle: potentiometric method based on Nernst formula for chemical analysis
Instrumentation: microprocessor controlled pH meter CRYTUR
Utensils: ion selective electrode CRYTUR for analysis of calcium ions, electrolytic vessel, standard volumetric flasks
Solutions of KCl with additives of calcium saots for calibration, samples of natural waters
Obtained skill: the commonly used analytical method for the analysis of wqter and other liquids, problems with accurate dilution of samples
4. Measurement of pH
Principle: potentiometric method based on Nernst formula for chemical analysis
Instrumentation: microprocessor controlled pH meter CRYTUR
Utensils: pH selective glass electrode CRYTUR, electrolytic vessel, standard volumetric flasks
Solutions: calibration solutions (buffers), samples of natural waters
Obtained skill: the concept of pH and acidity, their estimation, the idea of :buffer solutions:, pH indicator papers
5. Measurement of air ion concentration by aspiration condenser in different environments.
The experiment will be conduct by aspiration condenser method.
Measurement of the air ion concentration in laboratory with natural ionization.
Measurement of the air ion concentration in laboratory with artificial ionization.
6. Saturation characteristic measurement and spectral characteristic assignment of ion field.
Measurement of the saturation characteristic in space with natural and artificial ionization. Assignment of spectral characteristic of both spaces by graphical analysis.
7. Basic setting of MR scanner (ISI)
Acquainting with MR scanner.
Basic adjusting of MR scanner.
Setting of precise homogeneity of magnetic fields on MR scanner.
This part is important for all MR measurements and influenced of scanned images quality.
8. MR images of biological samples (ISI)
Measurement of MR imagings of phantoms and biological samples using FE and SE methods.
Students will be inform about the program for displaying and image processing.
9. Artifact in MR images by metallic dental implants (ISI)
Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility weighted image of measured sample. Measurement of artifacts in MR images by metallic dental implants.
Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of the phantom using FE techniques.