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study programme
Original title in Czech: Pokročilé materiály a nanovědyFaculty: CEITECAbbreviation: CEITEC-AMN-CZ-PAcad. year: 2024/2025
Type of study programme: Doctoral
Study programme code: P0588D110002
Degree awarded: Ph.D.
Language of instruction: Czech
Accreditation: 26.4.2021 - 26.4.2031
Mode of study
Full-time study
Standard study length
4 years
Programme supervisor
prof. RNDr. Radim Chmelík, Ph.D.
Doctoral Board
Chairman :prof. RNDr. Radim Chmelík, Ph.D.Vice-chairman :prof. Ing. Radimír Vrba, CSc.Councillor internal :prof. RNDr. Josef Jančář, CSc.prof. RNDr. Tomáš Šikola, CSc.doc. Ing. Miroslav Kolíbal, Ph.D.prof. RNDr. Karel Maca, Dr.Councillor external :prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c.prof. RNDr. Václav Holý, CSc.prof. RNDr. Jiří Pinkas, Ph.D.
Fields of education
Issued topics of Doctoral Study Program
Laser-induced plasmas are fundamental for countless applications, e.g., material characterization using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Laser-matter interaction and plasma properties in LIBS experiments under various ambient conditions are still not fully understood. The aim of this thesis is to do extensive research in the field of morphology and properties of laser-induced plasmas generated under various ambient, as well as under extraterrestrial conditions. The partial aim of the present Ph.D. project is to decouple the plasma characterization from the optical emission spectra and consequently obtain more robust information about the laser-induced plasma’s properties (such as homogeneity, temperature, electron number density, and the presence of local thermal equilibria). This will be done using temporally and spatially resolved imaging, scattering (e.g., Thomson scattering), absorption, and interferometric techniques. Using information obtained via these techniques, the plasma parameters will be determined independently from the optical emission spectra and the calibration-free approaches will be improved.
Tutor: Pořízka Pavel, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most powerful methods for 3D visualization and inspection. This non-destructive method especially provides sufficient resolution and contrast to evaluate any microstructural features, with the ability to resolve structures even below one micron. The complete information about any biological sample, from macroscale to nanoscale, can be then easily acquired in non-destructive manner and thus enabling the visualization and the quantification of cellular features and intracellular spaces opening the way for virtual histology, live cell and subcellular imaging and correlative microscopy. This work addresses the practical implementation of lab-based CT systems with high-resolution for imaging and mainly 3D characterization of biological structures by development of dedicated sample preparation and CT measurement methodologies together with testing and evaluation of possibilities of advanced CT techniques such as phase-contrast imaging CT or dual-energy CT for those applications.
Tutor: Zikmund Tomáš, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Recent advances in x-ray detection technologies have opened new possibilities in the field of computed tomography. Direct conversion systems make it possible to localize the detected photons more accurately. Devices with this technology also exhibit a direct relationship between the energy of incident photons and the magnitude of the output signal. Furthermore, cutting-edge photon counting technology enables modern detectors to discriminate between individual incident photons and measure their energies precisely. All these technologies can be used for high-speed acquisition with low noise, high-resolution spectral imaging, and quantitative tomographic methods. However, the novelty of these detectors also necessitates further research and development in terms of their applications. The aim of this topic is to study the suitability of these advanced technologies in the fields of metrology and industrial tomography, which focus on dimensional accuracy and require detectors to be calibrated according to widely recognized and norms and standards.
The progress of nanophotonics is related to the introduction of novel materials and structures. Analytical electron microscopy provides an excellent tool for studying the materials and structures, allowing to determine their elemental and chemical composition, structural properties including the crystallinity, crystal lattice and its atomic and mesoscopic defects, and electron structure. Within the thesis, analytical electron microscopy will be applied to some of the recent nanophotonic materials and structures, including phase-changing materials (vanadium dioxide, gallium, Sb2S3), active plasmonic antennas, hybrid metal-dielectric structures, or plasmonic antennas featuring plasmonic lightning-rod effect. The work can also focus on the development of new methods of analytical electron microscopy.
Tutor: Křápek Vlastimil, doc. Mgr., Ph.D.
Quantum computers are currently applied in an ever-growing number of scientific and engineering research areas. Their onset is foreseen also in theoretical calculations in computational materials science. The prime topic of this PhD study will be to use currently available quantum computers and their simulations in a theoretical study of materials. The secondary topic will be to develop a suitable software tools for applications in the case of quantum computing technologies and systems.
Tutor: Friák Martin, Mgr., Ph.D.
Address accurate reconstruction of image background and cell segmentation using artificial intelligence. Quantitative phase imaging has specific requirements, and standard approaches developed for fluorescence or other light microscopy contrast techniques are not directly applicable. Artificial intelligence will be useful in decomposing the image, and corrected raw data will be finally used to ensure maximum accuracy of the phase measurements.
Tutor: Zicha Daniel, Ing., CSc.
X-ray imaging offers a way to non-destructively visualize the internal structure of the measured sample. It is often used to determine the presence and morphology of defects (inclusions, pores, cracks, etc.) in samples across many industries. Artificial intelligence, and specifically deep learning, currently represent stat- of-the-art in various image analysis tasks, including the detection of defects. However, the problem of limited or low-quality ground-truth annotated data often arises. In this project, advanced training strategies and weakly supervised, or completely unsupervised techniques will be developed to create robust deep learning models for defect detection in industrial X-ray imaging. These models will finally be validated on a multitude of real applications of X-ray imaging-based defect detection.
The highly-engineerable scattering properties of metallic and high-index semiconductor/dielectric nanostructures currently underpin the operation of nowadays metasurfaces. They support geometrical plasmonic or Mie resonances that offer strong light-matter interaction and excellent control over the scattering phase and amplitude. Their optical responses tend to be of a simple, linear form and they are hard to modify with external stimuli. As a result, basic Maxwell equation solvers can be used to predict and optimize their behavior. In stark contrast, van der Waals (vdW) materials comprised of atomically-thin layers bonded by the vdW force exhibit a fascinating diversity of quantum, collective, topological, non-linear, and ultrafast behaviors. It is exciting to think how such materials may open up new functions for metasurfaces [1]. This PhD topic aims to start addressing that question by exploring the new fundamental physics that can emerge at the cross roads of the metasurface and vdW fields. We will start by exploring how the properties of two-dimensional (2D) vdW semiconductors materials, such as the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), can be modified by subwavelength patterning to form atomically-thin metasurfaces. Further, flat 2D-material based metasurface optical devices for dynamic wavefront control providing new functionalities not achievable by bulk optical elements or “classical” plasmonic or all-dielectric metasurfaces will be studied. References: [1] J. van de Groep et al., Exciton resonance tuning of an atomically thin lens, Nature Photonics 14, 426–430 (2020).
Tutor: Šikola Tomáš, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Classical biochemical tests in vitro are currently replaced by bioelectronic sensors that excel in their speed, reusability and minimal dimensions. One of the most promising materials in this area is graphene, which has a high sensitivity to the presence of adsorbed molecules and is biocompatible at the same time. The subject of the doctoral thesis will be development and production of biosensors based on graphene and related two-dimensional materials. In the thesis, it will be necessary to master the general physical principles of sensors, problems of field-controlled transistors with electrolytic gate and functionalization to achieve selective sensor response. A suitable applicant is a graduate of a Master's degree in Physical Engineering, Electrical Engineering or Biochemistry. Aims: 1) Managing physical principles of biosensors, their theoretical and experimental aspects. 2) Design and manufacture of a sensor based on a field-controlled transistor with an electrolytic gate. 3) Functionalization of sensor for specific biological and chemical reaction 4) Sensor response testing on selected biological materials. 5) Adequate publishing output and presentation of results at the international conference. Literature: Schedin, F.; Geim, A. K; Morozov, S. V.; Hill, E. W.; Blake, P.; Katsnelson, M. I; Novoselov, K. S., Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nature Materials 2007, 6, 652. Justino, C. I. L.; Gomes, A. R.; Freitas, A. C.; Duarte, A. C.; Rocha-Santos T. A. P., Graphene based sensors and biosensors. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2017, 91, 53. Kaisti, M., Detection principles of biological and chemical FET sensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2017, 98, 437. Wangyang, F.; Lingyan, F.; Panaitov, G.; Kireev, D.; Mayer, D.; Offenhausser, A.; Krause, H.-J., Biosensing near the neutrality point of graphene. Science Advances 2017, 3, 10, e1701247. Wangyang, F.; Lingyan, F.; Panaitov, G.; Kireev, D.; Mayer, D.; Offenhausser, A.; Krause, H.-J., Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Ambipolar Frequency Multipliers for Biochemical Sensing 2016, 16, 4, 2295.
Tutor: Bartošík Miroslav, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
The knowledge of electron spin relaxations is of crucial importance for development and improvement of spintronic devices, catalytical processes as well as in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity enhancement method, so-called dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique. In this regards the PhD student will implement pulsed Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) methods to the existing high-end Frequency Rapid Scan (FRASCAN) ESR spectrometer at CEITEC, which is operating up to frequencies 1 THz, magnetic fields 16 T, and temperatures down to 2 K. The goal of this PhD topic can be divided into two parts. Firstly, the student will implement high-frequency pulsed ESR technique into the existing FRASCAN spectrometer by developing new (Fabry-Perot resonator) and adapting existing sample holders supporting multi-frequency tunning for measurements of various samples in liquid and solid phases. Focus will be given on resonant frequencies at 263 GHz, 329 GHz, 394 GHz and 459 GHz, which are of importance for DNP studies. Secondly, the successful implementation of above will allow performing multi-frequency T1 and T2 spin relaxation studies of organic radicals as well as thin films deposited on Fabry-Perot resonator mirrors in wide range of frequencies and temperatures. These relaxation studies will be further correlated by those obtained by frequency rapid scan experiments performed in the group. In summary, the student will be well trained in cutting edge magnetic resonance method developments in one of the worldwide leading groups.
Tutor: Neugebauer Petr, doc. Dr. Ing., Ph.D.
The aim of the work is the design and preparation of antibacterial and highly adhesive bone cement for use in orthopedics and traumatology. The effect of bioactive substances on physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties will be monitored.
Tutor: Michlovská Lenka, Ing., Ph.D.
The contact resistance between organic semiconductors (OS) and the electrode is one of the main limiting factors that hinder the applicability of OS, for example, in organic field-effect transistors. Our research shows that this problem can be overcome by embedding a thermally tunable charge injection layer (CIL) composed of aromatic carboxylic acids into the interface. However, the influence of such CILs on the interface properties, including energy level alignment, interfacial charge transfer, or subsequent molecular growth, is not well understood yet. The Ph.D. candidate will perform ab-initio calculations to investigate the structural and electronic properties of Charge Injection Layers, describe their impact on subsequent molecular layers, and design new molecular precursors for CILs to enhance their performance. Calculations will be performed within the framework of density functional theory using state-of-the-art first-principles codes (VASP, SIESTA, FHI-aims). The data will subsequently be used for accurate electronic structure calculations and effective structural predictions employing machine learning. The acquired results will be thoroughly analyzed and compared with the experiment performed in the host group. The studies are supported by a running project. For more information, please, contact Jan Čechal or Jakub Planer.
Tutor: Čechal Jan, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
Quantum technologies have progressed significantly over the last decade leading to a groundbreaking shift in the application of quantum control across various domains, including communication and sensing. Molecular systems have a central role in this revolution because they provide a desired design flexibility to modify their electronic properties through simple ligand substitutions, allowing to tune their response to different external stimuli such as magnetic fields. The formation of the molecular crystal entails the connection of molecules to their neighbors through hydrogen bonds or other weak interactions, resulting in a crystalline structure that gives rise to spin lattices and spin-spin couplings. These couplings have a relevant role in the spin dynamics of these materials, creating entangled states and spin excitations. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a key technique that enables to investigate spin states and their interactions especially combining detailed single-crystal and polycrystalline samples. The aim of this project is to characterize several classes of spin systems of molecular nature such as transitions metals coordinated to amino acids and apply ESR spectroscopy to study quantum entanglement and phase transitions in the high frequency (up to 1 THz) and high field (up to 16 T) regime. This work pushes forward ESR methodologies and improve our understanding of fundamental quantum phenomena in molecular systems.
Tutor: Santana Vinicius Tadeu, Dr.
Rotationally symmetric electromagnetic lenses used for imaging in electron microscopy are burdened by imaging aberrations that limit their resolution. Several physical principles have been described in the literature, which make it possible to correct aberrations of electromagnetic lenses. Image correction can be achieved, for example, by a multi-pole electromagnetic field, a phase plate formed by a solid substance or field, an electrostatic mirror and others. Correction systems have been successfully implemented on some types of electron microscopes (e.g. a hexapole corrector for a spherical aberration in a transmission microscope). The dissertation will be focused on the methodology of correction of imaging aberrations and the design of a correction system for an electron microscope in cooperation with the company TESCAN.
Tutor: Zlámal Jakub, Ing., Ph.D.
Wide band gap materials are in the center of current technological advancement in power electronics, mostly due to recently developed fabrication techniques of bulk crystals. Most importantly, SiC and GaN have started to question silicon use in certain applications. However, compared to silicon, current know-how of relevant properties of these materials is not mature enough. Student will focus on analysis of defects in SiC and GaN by correlative micro- and spectroscopies. A part of the work is a realization of proof-of-concept device in electronics/optoelectronics. A necessary prerequisite is solid knowledge of solid state physics and principles of relevant spectroscopic techniques. The research will be conducted in collaboration with Thermo Fisher Scientific or Onsemi. Students are strongly advised to contact the supervisor before the official admission interview.
Tutor: Kolíbal Miroslav, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Engineering and production of novel materials, including coatings and layers, is demanding new analytical solutions. Compared to other analytical techniques, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) enables selective ablation of layers with variable depth resolution. However, the depth of the analysis with certain number of laser pulses differs for individual materials. The calibration of depth to laser pulse number is also of an issue, while there is no solid evidence for this phenomenon in classical LIBS literature. The goal of this thesis is to find complementary approaches, for instance using Computed Tomography and standard approaches of metallography, in depth profiling in order to fully calibrate LIBS technique to depth profile analysis. As an output, methodological protocol applicable across broad range of materials is demanded.
The dissertation will focus on the design and fabrication of tunable metasurfaces for unconventional optical elements in the visible and infrared wavelength regions. Specific metasurface design methods using optimization algorithms with multiparametric metrics, such as the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, will be explored. Fabrication approaches will be investigated, together with possibilities of optical switching of the metasurface prototypes and active control of their function. The main goal of this work is to produce fully characterized prototypes of tunable metasurfaces with verified functionalities, which could be used for shaping high-performance optical beams or in the transmission and processing of optical signals in communication technologies.
The thesis's first task will be to develop an (ultra)fast scanning electron microscope experimentally. The high temporal resolution will be reached by synchronizing short electron pulses with the optical excitation of a sample. Electron pulses will be generated either by utilizing an ultrafast laser and a photoemission process or by fast electrostatic blankers. The student will also deal with ultrafast scanning electron microscopy applications in imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. They will deal mainly with imaging of phase transition, magnetic domains, and optical fields.
Tutor: Konečná Andrea, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) methods are intensively used to investigated structure and dynamics of complex macromolecules containing unpaired electrons. Among these methods Pulsed Electron-Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR) also known as Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER) has emerged as a powerful technique to determine relative orientation and distance between macromolecular structural units on nanometre scale. For successful applications of pulsed EPR methods it is important to have tools enabling transformation of measured signals into structural information. The goal of this PhD project is to develop new effective computational procedures and computer programs for the processing of measured pulsed EPR data in order to extract structural and dynamical information from experiments. This goal also includes application of the developed computational methods to real experimental data obtained on the molecules tagged with spin labels. For more details please contact Petr Neugebauer.
The amount of data obtained in one experiment is steadily increasing. Contemporary state-of-the-art Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy system provide bulky data sets with millions of objects (spectra) and thousands of variables (wavelengths). Thus, there is a must driven by more efficient data storage, handling and processing; this might be tackled by lowering the dimension of raw data sets. This demands to truncate the information and omit redundancy and noise. In this work, advanced mathematical algorithms will be investigated, with special attention to non-linear algorithms. The main parameter is robustness of the algorithm. Outcomes of this thesis will be directly applied to data processing in various applications, including the multivariate mapping of sample surface.
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is a modality that was formerly used only at synchrotron-based facilities. Recently it has been used in medical sphere of computed tomography (CT) and nowadays potential of DECT has been tested on lab-based CT system with high resolution. This technique uses two energetically different X-ray spectra for examination and specific differentiation of individual sample components, in terms of materials or tissues, based on their attenuation properties. This differentiation is feasible even for materials which would be inseparable in CT data from standard CT measurement using only one beam energy. Therefore, an advantage of DECT is a possibility of precise material segmentation and classification. Furthermore, acquired information from DECT measurement can be utilized for creating pseudo-monochromatic CT images which results in specific reduction of tomographic artifacts e.g. beam hardening. Aim of this thesis will be study of DECT technique and testing its potential and utilization in sphere of laboratory CT system with submicron spatial resolution.
The theoretical analysis of novel optical effects and functionalities in modern nanophotonic structures is impossible without adequate and powerful numerical tools. Interestingly, the methods based on eigenmode expansion (EME), enabling a deep physical understanding of the problem, are often overlooked. That is why the project will focus on development and application of EME techniques suitable for the study of selected interesting problems of contemporary nanophotonics. Application will address topics such as nanophotonic lattices that support bound states in the continuum, the issues related with the loss compensation in plasmonic structures, systems with gain and loss where realistic models of gain media based on the rate equations for the populations is used, and modulation in hybrid waveguides with graphene.
Tutor: Petráček Jiří, prof. RNDr., Dr.
Implementation of antiferromagnetic materials in spintronic devices would allow increasing the operation speeds up to the Terahertz range and scaling down the device size to nanometer scale due to the absence of magnetic stray fields. The thesis will focus on exploring the fundamental physical mechanisms to control antiferromagnetic configurations using electrical current. The relevant phenomena are related to spin-orbit torques created by the spin Hall effect, alternatively to antiferromagnetic domain fragmentation using electrical current or optical pulses. The model platforms would involve antiferromagntetic and ferrimagnetic materials.
Tutor: Uhlíř Vojtěch, Ing., Ph.D.
Candidate will be trained in ammonia conversion, 3D printing, 2D materials synthesis, characterization and modification. Candidate will learn how to use different technologies of 3D printing to achieve desired electrocatalyst design. He/she will learn how to prepare high performance devices. Supervisor, Prof. Pumera, is highly cited researcher, see www.pumera.org, more info about the group on www.energy.ceitec.cz PhD candidate will be trained to use high end equipment at nano.ceitec.cz
Tutor: Pumera Martin, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
Electron sources used in electron microscopes generate a beam with an energy distribution whose width is characteristic of the given source. The low energy dispersion is advantageous for microscopic techniques, because especially at low accelerating voltage, the contribution of the chromatic aberration is a significant factor limiting the resolution. The aim of the dissertation will be the design of an energy filter for the electron beam, which will enable the narrowing of the energy distribution in the electron beam emitted from the Schottky source and its realization in cooperation with the TESCAN company.
Ultra Fast TEM (U-TEM) allows to monitor dynamic phenomena such as phase changes, melting/crystallization of materials with time resolution in ns to ps. Furthermore, samples sensitive to electron beam exposure can be observed using stroboscopic illumination (another U-TEM mode). Current U-TEM microscopes use photoemission sources or a combination of standard sources with very fast deflectors (RF cavity,…). Nanostructured materials appear to be very promising for the production of U-TEM electron sources. For example, GaN materials are seems to be good candidate for this purpose due to their considerable chemical and thermal resistence, low switching voltage of 1.25 V/um and high current density. The properties of the cathode depend to a large extent on the shape and form of nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanocarbons and nanocrystals.
The PhD study will be aimed at characterization of van der Waals materials and measurement of their functional properties. It will especially cover new types of these materials such as MXenes, their multilayers with TMDs, as well as 2D perovskites. As the major investigation tool, electron microscopy will be applied, namely a newly developed 4D STEM with FIB for fabrication and in situ analysis of lamellas of these materials, as well as HR (S)TEM for getting atomically resolved information. This will enable to study structure (electron diffraction), composition (EDS, EELS) and selected functional properties (e.g. localized surface plasmons and their coupling with excitons) of these novel materials.
The dissertation will deal with the development of electron tweezers, which allows to move droplets of eutectic liquids on the surface of semiconductors. The electron tweezers utilize the focused electron beam and is already tested in the UHV-SEM microscope, developed in cooperation with TESCAN company. During the controlled movement, the gold-containing droplet can for example etch or otherwise modify the surface of semiconductors (germanium, silicon). The dissertation thesis should focus on the interaction of different eutectic droplets with various substrates including 2D materials (graphene, etc.). Part of this work will be optimization of this process including its real-time monitoring using UHV-SEM microscope.
Tutor: Bábor Petr, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
The proposed PhD project aims to synthesize and characterize magnetically active transition metal complexes, specifically iron(II) Spin Crossover (SCO) complexes and cobalt(II) or lanthanide(III) Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs). These coordination compounds demonstrate magnetic bi- or multistability, making them highly appealing from an application standpoint. Initially envisioned for data processing and recording, their potential applications have since expanded to include electronic transport properties. This encompasses investigations into dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity across bulk powders, deposited surfaces, and single molecules integrated into test devices. The project specifically focuses on incorporating photoactive moieties into the molecular structure of ligands, enabling photoswitching among various magnetic states of coordination compounds. The PhD study will concentrate on advancing organic and coordination synthesis techniques for both mononuclear and polynuclear complexes of transition metals. Newly synthesized compounds will undergo thorough characterization using analytical and spectral methods. Magnetic properties will be assessed through HFEPR&FIRMS and MPMS SQUID magnetometry. Furthermore, coordination compounds exhibiting the most intriguing magnetic bistability will be deposited onto surfaces using sublimation or wet lithography techniques.
Tutor: Šalitroš Ivan, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Polymeric composite materials play a vital role in various industries, from electronics to photonics and sensors. Improving the optical and electrical conductivity properties of these composites is crucial to advance the technology and meet the demands of modern applications. This proposal outlines a research project aimed at enhancing the optical and conductivity properties of three different polymers—Polyacrylic (PAA), Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc), and Polyaniline (PANI)—by incorporating multinuclear transition metal complexes. The research of these composites will be focused on fibre production for catalytic decomposition of pollutants in wastewater.
Tutor: Sobola Dinara, doc. Mgr., Ph.D.
The topic of the Ph.D. thesis is focused on the experimental description of La-Ni-M ternary systems in the entire concentration range at different temperatures. These alloys are perspective materials for the formation of the hydrides and their potential use in the field of hydrogen storage materials. The storage of hydrogen in the solid phase has a high application potential in the field of power supply and transport. Alloy samples will be prepared using a arc melting furnace and subsequently annealed for a long time in quartz glass ampoules. The prepared samples will be characterized using a combination of static and dynamic analytical methods, mainly scanning electron microscopy SEM, X-ray powder diffraction XRD and thermal analysis DSC/DTA. Based on the obtained data, an experimental ternary phase diagram will then be constructed. A powder will be created from the selected samples and their reactivity with hydrogen will be tested and the kinetics of hydrogen adsorption and desorption will be studied. The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is the modeling of phase equilibria and phase diagrams using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method implemented in Pandat and ThermoCalc programs. The result of the theoretical part of the work will be a predicted phase diagram with the best possible agreement with the obtained experimental and the data from literature.
Tutor: Zobač Ondřej, Mgr., Ph.D.
The doctoral thesis topic aims on fabrication of near-net shape porous bioactive materials by the technique of direct foaming and investigation of routes of their infiltration in the 3D printed hierarchical biomaterial structures. The project involves design and fabrication of foams, detailed study of its microstructure, distribution and morphology of pores, chemical composition, mechanical and antimicrobial properties and cytocompatibility. The applicant will obtain experience in the synthesis and characterization of porous materials with potential future application in the biomedicine industry. The applicant will also learn the use of microscopes, spectroscopy techniques and various techniques of additive manufacturing. Potential candidates must demonstrate active initiative approach and disposition, with a solid professional, methodological and ethical training, to provide high quality fundamental and applied research.
Tutor: Oliver Urrutia Carolina, MDDr., Ph.D.
The topic of the thesis will be the identification and description of damage mechanisms depending on the strain rate using ultrasonic loading. Both static and cyclic mechanical tests at different loading rates (slow, medium, high speed/frequency) will be performed. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, degradation mechanisms will be studied and the effect of strain rate on the fatigue damage mechanism of metallic materials will be described. The scientific contribution of the work will be a deeper understanding of the effect of strain rate on the fatigue damage mechanism of metallic materials and to enable the prediction of fatigue life in the gigacyclic fatigue region based on high-frequency tests.
Tutor: Fintová Stanislava, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
This topic deals with a very timely issue in materials science, namely modifications of polymeric materials towards their better chemical and mechanical stability and-or their surface modifications, which will expand the possibilities of using these polymers in previously unthinkable applications. It is a significantly experimentally focused topic with a considerable potential for innovation, which consists in the use of methods of atomic and molecular depositions of materials on polymeric substrates at low temperatures, their subsequent characterization and testing in applications. Cooperation with industry partners is envisaged. The work requires a care, independence and consistency of the student.
Tutor: Macák Jan, Dr. Ing.
The PhD project will concentrate on a study of complex issues related to development of UV detectors using GaN (Ga)/graphene nanostructures. The initial part of the study will focuses on the preparation of Ga and GaN nanostructures on poly-and single-crystal graphene using a low-temperature deposition method. The low temperature growth of GaN nanocrystals will be carried out by a combination of UHV PVD technologies such as Ga vapour deposition and low energy nitrogen ion-beam (50 eV) post-nitridation using a unique ion-atomic beam source [1] . The growth of GaN will be realized at much lower temperatures (T<250°C) than in conventional technologies (e.g. MOCVD, 1000°C). Subsequently, the relation between parameters/functional properties of Ga and GaN nanostructures and deposition conditions will be studied. The complex characterization of the Ga (GaN)/graphene nanostructures will be provided by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning Probe Microscopy (AFM, EFM, SKFM), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence micro-spectroscopy, etc. Finally, the electrical response of the nanostructures to UV radiation will be studied via a FET-setup utilizing these optimized nanostructures as photosensitive elements. References: [1] J. Mach, P. Procházka, M. Bartošík, D. Nezval, J. Piastek, J. Hulva, V. Švarc, M. Konečný, and T. Šikola, Nanotechnology, Vol. 28, N. 41 (2017).
Tutor: Mach Jindřich, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Spin waves in the THz region have become a subject of growing interest due to a high group velocity of magnons (steep dispersion curve) which renders them attractive for the design of ultrafast spintronic devices [1]. Here, antiferromagnetic materials like rare earth orthoferrites (RFeO3) could be a solution because of their very high (terahertz) frequencies of spin resonances [2], [3]. However, due to the lack of efficient sources and detectors, the physics of magnons at THz frequencies is far less studied. The proposed interdisciplinary PhD study combining photonics and magnetism is based on generation and detection of THz spin waves by near fields enhanced by plasmonic resonant structures - antennas. It brings a new qualitative view into this subject. The antennas will be fabricated on a substrate surface, ideally on ribbons or magnonic crystals made out of RFeO3 thin film samples (e.g. TmFeO3) by EBL/FIB at CEITEC. Then, the magnons propagating along these structures will be analysed by a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) micro-spectrophotometer [4], using the method reported in [5] and successfully implemented at CEITEC [6]. Further, to extend the detected Brillouin-zone range, plasmonic resonant nanostructures providing large momentum components in their near-field hot spots will be used as well [7]. In this PhD study, plasmonic resonant structures for generation and detection of magnons should be optimized, and then dispersion relations tuned by shape, dimensions and periodicity of ribbons/magnonic crystals [6] and external magnetic field. Supportively, magnetic near-field enhanced THz T-D spectroscopy might be applied to test magnon-polariton dispersion curves of the thin film samples according to [3]. References: [44] K. Zakeri, PHYSICA C 549, 164, 2018. [45] J. Guo, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 32, 185401, 2020. [41] K. Grishunin, ACS Photonics 5, 1375, 2018. [46] T. Sebastian, …, H. Schultheiss, Front. Phys. 3, 35, 2015. [47] K. Vogt, …, B. Hillebrands, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 182508, 2009. [38] L. Flajšman, …, M. Urbánek, Phys. Rev. B 101, 014436, 2020. [X] R. Freeman,,…., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033427 (2020).
Generative models are machine learning models that are used to learn a probability distribution of the data. When the underlying distribution is correctly captured, it can be easily sampled to obtain new data or compute (physical) quantities. Recently, many novel architectures appeared (e.g. for text-to-image generation) with exceptional performances. Accordingly, there are many scientific applications ranging from cosmology to condensed matter systems. We will explore the potential of these models for spectroscopic data. The focus will be laid on so-called energy-based models that take inspiration from physics.
Spray drying is perspective advanced technology that enables to produce and/or encapsulate great variety of organic and inorganic powders for many industries. Therefore, the doctoral thesis topic focuses on better understanding this technology for glass and ceramic powders synthesis directly from initial liquid reagents or suspensions consisted of solid phase and liquid carrier media. To synthetise/produce advanced powders, based on its specific required chemical composition, size, and volume and surface morphology, a number of parameters have to be precisely develop and set up. Among many other parameters the selection of proper high-energy kinetic milling conditions of initial powders in pre-treatment phase, selection of suitable surfactant and/or binding reagent during treatment and conditions for powders calcination and/or reduction in the post-treatment phase can be highlighted. The applicant will obtain experience in the synthesis and characterization of inorganic advanced powders and will learn the use of its modern manufacturing and characterization techniques. Only, highly motivated and collaborative candidates with outstanding track record and with the ambition in progress in chemistry, materials science and mechanical engineering are welcome to submit an application.
Tutor: Čelko Ladislav, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Magnetic spin waves (magnons) have become a subject of an intensive research due to their high application potential in future electronics and communication technologies. There are several methods how to detect them, one should especially refer to the Brillouin light scattering (BLS), [1]. This technique brings information about the amplitude and phase of magnons and can be operated in a microscopic mode provided by a BLS micro-spectrophotometer [2] available at CEITEC Nano Research Infrastructure [3]. However, as the spectrophotometer utilizes conventional optical element, the spatial resolution does not exceed the diffraction limit. To beat this limit, PhD study will deal with the utilization of nanophotonic effects similar to those used in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), i.e. formation of enhanced near optical fields (so called hot spots) in the vicinity of specially designed AFM tips equipped with resonant nanoparticles (antennas). Simultaneously, the near-field hot spots of these resonant nanostructures will provide large momentum components and thus an extension of the detected Brillouin-zone range [4], [5]. The study will concentrate on the modification of AFM modules for tip-enhanced BLS microscopy and testing of optimized AFM tips in this technique. References: [1] T. Sebastian et al., Front. Phys. 3, 35, 2015. [2] K. Vogt et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 182508, 2009. [3] L. Flajšman etal., Urbánek, Phys. Rev. B 101, 014436, 2020. [4] R. Freeman et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033427 (2020). [5] O. Wojewoda et al, Communications Physics, (2023), https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01214-z .
Hydrogen is a very prospective and eco-friendly fuel which can bring significant economical and environmental benefits. The main obstacle that impedes expected future of hydrogen technology is safe and acceptably efficient hydrogen storage (HS). It is generally accepted that a possible solution to this problem is HS in solid phase of metallic materials (HSM). However, there are not HSMs up to now with sufficient HS properties at low temperature and pressure. Therefore, the main idea of this study is to investigate HS properties of new perspective model alloys which could show effective HS at temperatures near to room temperature and at low pressure. One of ways how to influence HS properties HSM is to change their phase and chemical composition. The results could lead to new strategies in development of HSM.
Tutor: Král Lubomír, Ing., Ph.D.
The Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS) has proved its capability to study composition of the solid-state surfaces. It is a low energy modification of the famous experiment of Rutherford with scattering of alpha particles on gold foil. The extreme surface sensitivity of the technique is widely used in analysis of the elemental composition of a topmost atomic layer with nanometre depth resolution. The sensitivity of the methods originates mainly from charge exchange mechanisms between the projectile and involved surface atoms. Only a small fraction of the scattered projectiles leaves the surface in ionized state. This ion fraction is represented by characteristic velocity that is the measure of the charge exchange processes and is characteristic to the given combination of projectile and surface atom. The characteristic velocity is frequently influenced by chemical arrangement of the sample surface as well. This project aims to the characterisation of the charge exchange processes between the He and Ne ions (projectiles) on variety of solid-state surface and thin layers. The primary kinetic energies of the projectiles will be varied within the range between 0.5 keV to 7.0 keV. Outputs of the project will significantly improve the potential of the LEIS technique at the field of quantitative analysis. The experiments will be performed on dedicated high sensitivity LEIS instrument – Qtac100 (ION TOF GmbH) at Ceitec BUT and at partner institutions (TU Wien, Imperial College London and Twente University. See for example: Highly Sensitive Detection of Surface and Intercalated Impurities in Graphene by LEIS. (By S. Prusa and H.H. Brongersma), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01935.
Tutor: Průša Stanislav, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Nanoparticles and nanoparticle systems have a unique position among nanomaterials. They have many important applications in technologies, biology, and medicine, and a huge potential for future developments. The physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles (nanometric volumes of materials) are fundamentally influenced by their morphology. Decreasing the particle size enlarges the surface-to-volume ratio, which can be utilized in chemical reactions (chemical catalysis), and to tune physical properties of these materials (quantum dots, superparamagnetic and magnetic nanoparticles). The topic of this dissertation is the structural and phase characterizations of nanoparticles and their aggregates using electron microscopy. The experimental results will help to unravel the relationship between their properties and structure, and will be used to optimize their synthesis method and functionalization.
Tutor: Pizúrová Naděžda, RNDr., Ph.D.
Geometric-phase optical elements are a new tool for complex light shaping and generation of special states of light. Unlike traditional refractive elements, the geometric-phase elements control the light using transformation of its polarization state. Thanks to technology of liquid crystals or principles of plasmonics, geometric-phase elements provide abrupt phase changes on physically thin substrates. Compact size and unique polarization properties make them ideal candidates for simply integrable spatial light modulators. The dissertation thesis topic is to find and verify the potential of geometric-phase elements in common-path digital holography and advanced optical imaging.
Tutor: Bouchal Petr, Ing., Ph.D.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful analytical technique that has been gaining popularity in the polymer industry for the detection and quantification of trace elements. One challenge in the analysis of polymer matrices is the detection of halogens and other elements at trace levels. Multi-pulse LIBS has been shown to improve the detection limits of halogens and other trace elements in polymer matrices. The main aim of this thesis is the use of multi-pulse LIBS for the detection of trace elements (esp. halogens) in polymer matrix. This approach should offer several advantages over other analytical techniques; it requires minimal sample preparation of a variety of polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride. This technique has the potential to improve the quality control of polymers by providing accurate and reliable detection of trace elements, which can affect the performance and properties of the final product.
Magnetism emerges in matter due to the presence of unpaired electronic spins and the interaction between them in a wide range of materials from oxides to molecular materials. The collective behavior of spins, also known as quantum entanglement of spins, is a very active area of research with application to communication and computation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a key technique that enables to investigate spin states and spin-spin interactions. It has been successfully applied to monomeric and dimeric spin systems for identifying quantum transitions between entangled phases by varying parameters such as the temperature or the orientation of an external applied magnetic field. The aim of this project is to identify suitable materials such as spin dimers of molecular nature and apply ESR spectroscopy to study quantum phase transitions in the high frequency (up to 1 THz) and high field (up to 16 T) regime.
Laser ablation of matter is an essential process involved in the chemical analysis using various techniques of analytical chemistry. The spectroscopic investigation of characteristic plasma emission provides qualitative and quantitative information about the sample of interest. Standard analysis is based on the processing of emission signal; the process of laser ablation and consecutive development of laser-induced plasma is marginal and of little analytical interest. But, understanding the complexity of laser-matter interaction is a crucial step in the improvement of the latter data processing approaches. Thus, this work will target the investigation of spatial and temporal development of laser-induced plasmas, imaging of plasma plumes and determination of their thermodynamic properties. Outcomes of this work will be used in further advancement of the ablation of various materials (incl. biological tissues), improvement of optomechanical instrumentation (collection optics) and optimization of signal standardization.
Plastic recycling and production is currently at its climax, current legislative is forcing faster processing of material while avoiding toxic metal content. Plastic industry is looking for solution in analytical chemistry, with high throughput and satisfactory analytical performance. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is being intensively applied in various industrial applications. Its robustness and instrumental simplicity drive its direct implementation into production processes and even to production lines. The goal of this thesis is design of LiBS instrumentation, methodological protocol for classification of individual plastic materials and detection of toxic metals using LIBS spectra.
The topic aims at optimizing quantitative analysis of cell behavior with high accuracy for measurements of cell reactions to experimental treatments with applications in cancer research. The topic involves cell culture, specimen preparation for microscopy, time-lapse acquisition, image processing, data analysis, and interpretation. Requirements: knowledge of fundamentals of optics, cell biology, microscopy, coding, the ability to work independently and in a team, and high motivation.
The PhD project is aimed at the study of strong coupling between the localized surface plasmons in antennas and phonons in resonantly absorbing non-metallic environments and, consequently, to exploitation of this knowledge for finding and utilizing general principles of spatially localized plasmon-enhanced absorption. The study will tackle this issue in the near IR and mid-IR range and verify it in new types of uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometers with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution response. Due to common characteristics of index of refraction at absorption peaks/bands of materials, the outcomes and conclusions can find direct applications in other spectral regions, regardless the physical origin of resonant absorption. It will make it possible to carry out research on challenging phenomena exploitable not only in the local heating of materials, but also in IR and light detection, energy harvesting, (bio)sensing, quantum technology, etc. References: Břínek L. et al., ACS Photonics 5 (11), 4378-4385, 2018
Single molecular magnets (SMM) are molecular entities bearing nonzero magnetic moment. In addition to the magnetic properties SMM provide one important attribute: they represent two-state system that can be in superposition state, i.e., SMM represent quantum bits (qubits). Recent developments pushed the coherence properties of individual magnets to the range required for competitive qubits. However, for any future application the molecular qubits should be processable as thin films. Moreover, the individual qubits should be mutually interacting. The goal of PhD study is to prepare long-range ordered arrays of molecular qubits on solid surfaces a possible basis for a molecular quantum registry. The experimental research within the PhD study aims at the understanding of deposition/self-assembly phenomena of organic compounds containing magnetic atoms on metallic and graphene surfaces. A special focus will be given to graphene surfaces that provide means to control their electronic properties (by intercalation or external gate voltage) and, hence, mutual interaction of individual spins. The spin coherence properties will be investigated by cooperating partners at CEITEC and University of Stuttgart. (For detailed information, please, directly contact the Jan Čechal)
There are numerous uses for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in chemistry, physics, biology, materials science, and medicine. EPR has a less adopted use in applied sciences compared to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), partly because the interpretation and analytical work for comprehending the results of a set of observations require a spectroscopist with a dedicated background in the technique. This PhD project will use contemporary machine learning (ML) algorithms to automatize spectral analysis using computer-simulated spectra as a training set and prove the concepts by applying them to real data obtained in the lab. This will help bring the powerful features of EPR as a characterization and diagnostic technique closer to other communities inside and outside the academic sphere by creating an automatized tool for spectral analysis. The extensive range of EPR experiments makes it impractical or even impossible to cover all modes and applications. Thus, the student will concentrate on the spin trapping method, which uses continuous-wave EPR to identify radical species in catalytic reactions. There is a vast online database for assigning radical species with their EPR-derived spectrum parameters, and the assignment process will also be automatized. Upon the success in this application, the workflow can be adapted to be used in different spectral fitting problems. Objectives - Review the literature and understand the theory and applications of EPR spectroscopy. - Identify the range of all relevant EPR parameters for the common spin trapping agents, adducts and develop an algorithm to create the training set for the ML algorithm. - Select and train a ML algorithm with one, two and possibly more adduct species with a variable concentration in order to automatize the fitting of experimental data. - Use the online database (https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/stdb/index.cfm) to enable the automatic identification of radical species based on the results of the fitting. - Develop a tool with a user interface to make the solution available to the community via open repositories. - Prepare manuscripts with described and discussed results to be submitted to peer-reviewed journals. Keywords: Electron Paramagnetic Rezonance (EPR), machine learning (ML), spin trapping, radical, catalysis. Literature: [1] WEIL, John A. a James R. BOLTON. Electron paramagnetic resonance: elementary theory and practical applications. 2nd edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience, 2007. ISBN 978-0-471-75496-1. [2] Jeschke, G. (2019). Quo vadis EPR? Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 306, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMR.2019.07.008 [3] Biller, J. R., & McPeak, J. E. (2021). EPR Everywhere. Applied Magnetic Resonance 2021 52:8, 52(8), 1113–1139. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00723-020-01304-Z [4] Roessler, M. M., Salvadori, E. (2018). Principles and applications of EPR spectroscopy in the chemical sciences. Chemical Society Reviews, 47(8), 2534–2553. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00565A
Machine learning is one of the most exciting tools that have entered the material science toolbox in recent years. It has become very popular and grown very quickly. One of its recent and promising applications is a generation of reliable and efficient interatomic potentials. This PhD topic will cover generation and DFT (density functional theory) benchmarking of machine-learned potentials and their subsequent application to selected groups of advanced materials.
Tutor: Černý Miroslav, prof. Mgr., Ph.D.
Localized surface plasmons (LSP) generated in metal nanoparticles (plasmonic antennas) can exhibit various modes differing in energy, charge distribution (dipoles vs. multipoles) and radiation capability (bright and dark modes). One of the most effective methods enabling generation and characterization - mapping of these modes at the single antenna level is Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) provided by High-resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR STEM). The PhD study will be aimed at application of HR STEM-EELS for mapping the modes of LSP in plasmonic antennas. The emphasis will be especially put at a study of hybridized modes of coupled antenna structures and/or strong coupling effects between modes in plasmonic antennas and excitations in their surrounding environments. These excitations will be polaritons in quantum nanodots localized nearby antennas (the visible range) and/or phonons in absorbing antenna substrate membranes (IR – mid IR). In the former case, the experiment will be carried out by HR STEM-EELS at CEITEC Nano infrastructure (Titan), in the latter case, by Nion Ultra STEM available at some laboratories abroad (e.g. Oak Ridge national laboratory).
Metal-insulator transition (MIT) is a phase change between high-conductivity and low-conductivity state of matter, typically related to strong electron-electron correlation. Materials exhibiting MIT are promising candidates for applications in fast optical switching or novel optical elements. While the mechanism of MIT is satisfactorily understood in bulk materials, much less is known about the role of domain boundaries, atomic-scale defects, or interfaces in nanostructures. Ph.D. thesis shall focus on utilizing temperature-dependent analytical electron microscopy to gain a deep insight into the interplay between temperature, local crystal structure, and electronic structure for MIT in a specific material, possibly vanadium dioxide.
Presence of internal interfaces is important for functional properties of bulk materials as well as for properties of nanoparticles. Interfaces can serve as barriers for dislocation glide or mediate plasticity by themselves. Besides, internal interfaces can affect shape and symmetry of nanoparticles. Twin boundaries are specific kind of interfaces, which have special symmetry and, as rule, low energy. Variety of twin modes are known for materials with non-cubic symmetry (Mg, Ti, Ni-Ti etc.), where twin boundaries can occur as consequence of plastic deformation, crystal growth or phase transformation. However, this process is often spontaneous and development of methods to control the process is important and still unsolved problem. This project is devoted to computer simulations of twinning process in order to develop methods how to reach of initiation and subsequent growth of specific type of twin in non-cubic metallic materials.
Tutor: Ostapovets Andriy, Ph.D., Mgr.
Candidate will construct microrobots powered by chemicals for environmental remediation using polymer and inorganic chemistry approach.
Fatigue crack growth is a process that is described macroscopically by quantities such as the stress intensity factor, J-integral or plastic part of the J-integral. There are many models of crack propagation at the microscopic level that consider plastic deformation around the crack tip, but which differ in details. Advances in experimental methods allow more accurate and detailed experimental study of these processes and, consequently, their more accurate description and modelling using advanced molecular statics and dynamics methods. The aim of this work will be to collect as much details as possible about the processes at the tip of a fatigue crack during its growth, both on the surface of the specimens and in their volume. Modern methods will be used: high-resolution digital image correlation (HR DIC), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI), high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR EBSD), focused ion beam (FIB) to observe the processes on selected sections and to prepare TEM lamellae. The observations will be complemented by simulation of microscopic processes using molecular dynamics or discrete dislocation dynamics.
Tutor: Kruml Tomáš, prof. Mgr., CSc.
For detailed info please contact the supervisor.
Tutor: Kalousek Radek, doc. Ing., Ph.D.
Organic semiconductors (OS) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional inorganic electronics, with applications in various devices such as OLEDs, OFETs, solar cells, memories, and sensors. Despite the extensive research on the bulk properties of OS layers, the performance of these devices is limited by the charge transfer through the metal electrode-OS interface. The goal of the Ph.D. is to address these limitations by combining the advantages of weakly and strongly interacting molecular systems through carboxylic acid molecular monolayers (MMLs) as tunable charge injection layers (CILs) at the metal electrode-OS interface. The controlled deprotonation of the COOH groups of the carboxylic acid molecules on silver substrates will enable tuning of the interaction strength, position of the aromatic core, and effective coupling between the metal and OS, leading to low contact resistance and improved device performance. The molecular system will be studied by a unique combination of surface science techniques employing mainly low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. (For detailed information, please, directly contact Jan Čechal or Pavel Procházka)
Prismatic dislocation loops in metals are created by radiation damage or by severe plastic deformation. These loops are then obstacles for dislocations needed for plastic deformation and the material becomes brittle. The prismatic dislocation loops will be studied by molecular dynamic modeling and also by experiments using transmission electron microscopy.
Tutor: Fikar Jan, Mgr., Ph.D.
The goal of the PhD study is to exploit unique functionalities of nanophotonic devices [1] in specific areas related to quantum technologies, e.g. quantum information processes. First, the near optical fields generated by metallic or dielectric nano/microantennas will be used for enhancement of efficiency of single-photon emitters associated with defects-colour centres in 2D materials and/or bulk single crystals (e.g. SiC, diamond). Second, to collect and transfer these photons, all-dielectric nanophotonic metasurfaces will be designed, fabricated and tested [2], [3]. The outputs of such a study will contribute to a progress in very recent efforts in quantum optical experiments at micro/nano scale. References: [1] L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano-optics, Cambridge, 2006 [2] Hui-Hsin Hsiao, Small methods, 1, 2017, 1600064 [3] M. Radulaski et al., Scalable Quantum Photonics with Single Color Centers in Silicon Carbide, Nano Lett., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1782–1786, 2017
The candidate will develop novel nanorobotic systems for the removal of biofilms from titanium implants. The following skills will be learned: nanorobots fabrication, propulsion systems, SEM, XPS, microscopic characterization. Work with biological systems.
The PhD thesis will aim to study low-energy excitations with innovative electron and light microscopy and spectroscopy methods. It will deal with techniques such as surface-enhanced light spectroscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, photon-induced near-field electron microscopy, or near-field optical microscopy. In particular, the student will develop a theoretical description of the interaction of electrons or photons with excitations in nanostructures involving different signal detection methods. Another task will be to find new strategies for post-processing and interpreting experimental data.
This topic deals with the research and development of low-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials (especially nanoparticles and nanoplates) with a very low coefficient of friction, which are intended to play the role of advanced lubricants, especially in demanding engineering applications, where there is significant friction on the contact surfaces and loss of material properties over time. In addition to excellent and long-term lubricating properties, newly developed materials will have to meet the requirements for high chemical and mechanical resistance, low price and a high level of environmental friendliness. It is a significantly experimentally oriented topic with considerable potential for innovation. Corresponding nanomaterials will be predominantly developed using hydrothermal techniques based on the colloidal chemistry, including SILAR, micellar techniques and also vacuum deposition techniques, such as Atomic Layer Deposition. Produced nanostructures will be used for application purposes for projects with partners, including industrial partners. The work requires a care, independence and consistency of the student.
Due to their dimensions comparable with the wavelength of light, nanostructures can directly modify properties of reflected and/or transmitted electromagnetic waves. The discipline investigating the interaction of an electromagnetic wave and nanostructures is called Nanophotonics. Its applications can be found for instance in photovoltaics or enhanced optical spectroscopy. Besides the shape and dimensions of nanostructures, the light can be also modified by their material properties. Recently, many scientific teams have been concentrating on the optically active advanced materials such as perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). These advanced materials can be often characterized by their photoluminescence, especially using confocal optical spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, or scanning near-field optical microscopy. All these experimental techniques together with adequate numerical simulations (e.g., FDTD, DFT, BEM) are available at the Institute of Physical Engineering BUT and will constitute the main tools for successful completion of the PhD research project.
Magnetic materials constitute a highly tunable platform for the design of adaptive optical and magnonic elements. Moreover, coupled order parameters in complex magnetic phase-transition materials can be controlled using various driving forces such as temperature, magnetic and electric field, strain, spin-polarized currents and optical pulses. The Ph.D. candidate will explore the first-order metamagnetic phase transition in materials that have been subjected to strong spatial confinement and optical stimuli and design new functional systems by combining individual structures with well controlled properties into 2D and 3D arrays.
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) represent a theoretically interesting way of field localization, which contradicts the conventional wisdom of bound states with energies solely outside the continuum of free states. BICs offer a number of interesting applications; for example, in photonics, BICs enable development of sensitive nanostructures with significant reduction of radiation leakage [1,2]. The project will focus on theoretical analysis and physical understanding of the operation of photonic waveguide structures supporting the propagation of a selected type of BIC. We assume the design and subsequent systematic research of selected photonic waveguide structures that resemble a lattice investigated in Ref. 3 and support the so-called symmetry protected BIC. The student will perform simulations with the aim to confirm the existence of the assumed BICs. Subsequently, the behavior of BICs will be investigated, and structural parameters will be optimized in order to achieve the required properties. [1] K. Koshelev, A. Bogdanov, and Y. Kivshar, “Engineering with Bound States in the Continuum,” Opt. Photonics News, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 38, 2020 [2] S. I. Azzam and A. V. Kildishev, “Photonic Bound States in the Continuum: From Basics to Applications,” Adv. Opt. Mater., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 16–24, 2021 [3] Y. Plotnik et al., “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, no. 18, pp. 28–31, 2011
SiC provides several advantages over silicon in semiconductor applications: 10x higher dielectric breakdown field strength, 2x higher electron saturation velocity, 3x higher energy band gap, and 3x higher thermal conductivity. The drawbacks are the SiC wafer cost and availability. Thus, key improvements and innovations are needed in SiC surface polishing, which is extremely difficult due to its high hardness and chemical and thermal stability. One of the promising techniques used in the development of SiC polishing is plasma etching. This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of how various plasma discharges interact with the SiC surface to propose optimized processes for industrial applications. Thus, the Ph.D. candidate will collaborate closely with the Czech branch of ONSEMI in Rožnov. The SiC reactive ion etching (RIE) will be investigated in a radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in which the processed wafer can be biased by RF or LF (low frequency) voltage. The etching and polishing processes will be influenced by the choice of working gases (e.g., Ar, oxygen, SF6) and the variations of the ion energy distribution function. Basic research on the ion interaction with the SiC surface will also use reactive ion beam etching (RIBE), in which the ion energy is precisely defined by its accelerating voltage, and it is also possible to vary the angle of incidence of the ions by tilting the substrate. Surface conditions will be analyzed regarding roughness and depth of the damaged layer by, e.g., atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, optical Raman or fluorescence microscopy, surface composition, and crystallinity analyses. The epitaxial growth of SiC will test surface quality.
Tutor: Zajíčková Lenka, doc. Mgr., Ph.D.
In this study plasmonic resonant nano-and micro-structures (particles, antennas, tips) will be used for enhancement of photoluminescence of nanostructures such as nanodots, nanowires and 2D materials (e.g. metal dichalcogenides: MoS2, WS2,....). In this way single photon sources provided by defects of these structures might be recognized.
Plasmonic antennas are conductive nanostructures allowing to enhance and concentrate light at the nanoscale. They often exploit the lightning-rod effect, a local enhancement of the electric field near sharply curved surfaces. Despite its importance in plasmonics, the effect is understood mostly intuitively: a comprehensive description of its fundamentals is missing. The thesis aims to provide such insight. Partial effects contributing to the overall lightning-rod effect will be investigated: plasmonic surface wave localization, the effect of the curvature, the effect of the charge reservoir, and the effect of plasmonic gap enhancement between two interacting plasmonic antennas. The methodology will be based on electromagnetic simulations and experimental techniques for the local field characterization. A detailed understanding of the lightning-rod effect will provide a guideline for the design of plasmonic antennas with particularly large field enhancement.
Traditional plasmonic materials are gold and silver. However, especially in the UV region, but not only there, it is necessary to look for their possible alternatives, for example, among non-noble metals. The applicant will explore the possibilities of non-noble metals (such as aluminum, gallium, bismuth, lead, indium, tin,…) or their compounds (such as gallium-gallium oxide core-shell structures, vanadium dioxide,…) in plasmonics and prepare nanostructures from selected materials and characterize their functional properties in the field of plasmonics using analytical transmission electron microscopy.
In this project, the PhD candidate will study shaped electron beams as revolutionary probes, which will make electron microscopes more versatile and cheaper, and enable novel applications. Phase plates needed for the preparation of shaped beams will be explored. Tunable light- or microelectronics-based electron phase plates will be designed and optimized concerning selected applications in imaging and spectroscopy.
Low energy ion scattering (LEIS) is an extremely surface sensitive technique that can quantitatively analyse the outermost atomic layer of a material. The only element that cannot be evaluated directly by this technique is hydrogen since it is lighter than the projectiles of noble gas ions used in LEIS. The flat panel displays (FPDs) found in cell phones, displays, electronics, and computers are a crucial part of a modern technology. A higher resolution of the FPDs can be achieved taking the full control on glass surfaces used in this technology. Surface hydroxyls (-OH) are the most important functional groups on a glass surface, they influence the FPDs technology and performance of FPDs. It is difficult to characterise the hydroxyl groups with selective sensitivity to the top atomic layer by standard methods. The novel tag-and-count approach for quantifying hydroxyl (consequently surface silanol) densities is developing in our collaboration with Brigham Young University (USA) and Corning corporation (USA). The first successful results were recently published in Applied Surface Science (please see for more information). The hydroxyls are selectively marked by Zn atoms during atomic layer deposition. The marked (tagged) groups are then analysed (quantified) by HS-LEIS harvesting the extreme surface sensitivity of the technique. The proposed topic for PhD study will continue this promising research and collaboration with both institutions in USA. The applicant (student) will be involved in both, the tagging technology done in USA and LEIS analysis in Ceitec BUT. For tag-and-count approach see: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154551 For HS-LEIS see for example: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01935
Automated real-time analysis of the structure and morphology of high-performance polymeric materials and composites is of utmost importance in order to enable their fast development and production. The objective of the PhD project is to explore the possibilities of X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning for the quantification and digitization of composite material structures. You will test the limits of standard CT imaging setup for the future usage of in-line systems and use simulations to explore alternative and sparse data acquisition to speed up the imaging process. These simulations will then be used to create a detailed model to establish the experimental parameters and the CT reconstruction procedure.
Tutor: Kaiser Jozef, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
The rapid improvements in the instrumentation of electron microscopy and spectroscopy enable us to perform measurements with unprecedented accuracy approaching the quantum limits. To fully utilise the new possibilities, the development of effective procedures to obtain and analyse data is required. In this project, a PhD candidate will theoretically study the measurement and estimation process in several microscopical and spectroscopical techniques and propose how to optimise them. To this end, it is essential to employ adaptive algorithms that consider the outcomes of previous measurements.
The use of quantum materials for the preparation of supercapacitors. The candidate will gain experience with quantum materials, various technologies for the preparation of quantum nanomaterials, their characterization, and the preparation of supercapacitors with high efficiency. Supervisor is a Highly Cited Researcher. More at www.pumera.org, more info about the group at www.energy.ceitec.cz. Part of the PhD is training on high tech devices, see www.nano.ceitec.cz
The topic is focused on development of numerical methods for rigorous simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in arbitrary inhomogeneous media. Namely, we assume investigation of the techniques based on the expansion into plane waves and/or eigenmodes in combination with perturbation techniques. Developed techniques will applied to modeling of light scattering by selected biological samples. Requirements: - knowledge in fields of electrodynamics and optics corresponding to undergraduate courses - basic ability to write computer code, preferably in Matlab.
The goal of the work will be to design and prepare "smart" hydrogels that respond to external stimuli so that they can be used for 4D bioprinting with cells. The prepared materials can then be used, for example, in cartilage regenerative medicine.
Tutor: Chamradová Ivana, Ing., Ph.D.
Control over thin molecular films composed of single-molecule magnets or quantum bits is crucial in the development of novel electronic and magnetic devices. Their behaviour on surfaces is yet largely unexplored area. This PhD project will use the already existing high-vacuum chamber for thermal sublimation of thin films of coordination transition metal and lanthanide complexes. The student will work on the whole route from a bulk as-synthesised powder to a nanostructured thin film. The final goal is to be able to predict and evaluate the magnetic properties of such films by newly built high-frequency electron spin resonance spectrometer (HF-ESR). Additional surface-sensitive spectroscopic and microscopic methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) will be used to study prepared thin films. The student will communicate and perform tasks in international collaboration with research groups in the USA and Italy.
While additive manufacturing of polymers, has become increasingly popular for design studies, rapid prototyping and the production of noncritical spare parts, its application in structurally loaded components is still scarce. One of the reasons for this might be skepticism of engineers due to the lack of knowledge regarding the expected lifetime and reliability as well as knowledge to failure mechanisms. Therefore presented work will be focused on fatigue damage of additively manufactured polymer materials, experimental testing of such materials as well as on numerical modeling of fatigue damage and fatigue crack propagation. This work will be solved in close cooperation with PCCL- Polymer Competence Center in Leoben.
Tutor: Hutař Pavel, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
The doctoral thesis will deal with research in the field of catalytic reactions using analytical methods capable of monitoring reactions in real-time. The reactions will be studied by various analytical methods such as UHV-SEM, E-SEM, MS, SIMS etc. aiming to better understand the mechanism of catalytic reactions on different types of surfaces (crystals, nanoparticles) and in a wide range of reaction pressures. In the first phase, the oxidation of carbon monoxide and subsequently other oxidation or reduction reactions important in technical practice will be studied. The work will also include the development of new methods and devices enabling real-time observation under various experimental conditions.
Demineralization of hard tissues (teeth and bones) is a process in which mineral ions (mainly calcium and phosphate) are released from the hydroxyapatite matrix of the tissue. This can occur naturally due to a disease (tooth decay and osteoporosis) and trauma, or artificially through methods such as acid solutions. Demineralization is also associated with accumulated heavy metals in hard tissues. This thesis will be focused on the analysis of demineralized teeth and bones by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. A study of tissues with different demineralization sources, such as heavy metals, caries, or artificial solutions, and a methodology for the early detection of osteoporosis will be the main aims of this thesis.
Holographic incoherent-light-source quantitative phase imaging (HiQPI) is a unique imaging technique developed by our group. It allows obtaining high-quality quantitative phase images of samples, such as living cells, even when they are immersed in a scattering environment. A big challenge for quantitative phase imaging is to achieve super-resolution, as the usual approaches in microscopy are not applicable. Recent calculations, simulations and experiments have shown that in HiQPI it is possible to achieve sub-diffraction resolution (super-resolution) due to partially coherent illumination, which is unique in holographic microscopy. The area of application of quantum Fisher information, allowing to break the classical resolution limit in the case of special types of objects, also remains unexplored. The student will explore various techniques to achieve super-resolution and their utility in HiQPI. Part of the solution to the topic will be a theoretical analysis of each method, a proposal for its implementation in HiQPI and, last but not least, experimental verification on a Q-Phase microscope. The most successful super-resolution technique will then be applied to an experiment with living cells.
Tutor: Chmelík Radim, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
Mesocrystals are ordered assemblies (superstructures) of individual single crystals, each of which often has critical dimensions of the order of nanometers. The order, size, morphology and porosity of the self-organized mesocrystals depends on the reaction time, reaction temperature, and, most importantly the nature of the structure directing agent (usually a polymer template) and the metal precursors. Transition metal based mesocrystals are of high interest due to their catalytic properties, thanks to their vacant d orbitals enabling various valencies and tendency to form complex intermediates in situ, that can act as a template. These mesocrystals have shown high photocatalytic activity, in particular for the degradation of emerging pollutants such as microplastics, and antibiotics by exploiting their high surface area, and porosity. The oriented interfaces in mesocrystals are considered to be beneficial for effective photogenerated charge transfer, which is a promising photocatalytic candidate for promoting charge carrier separation. This PhD study aims mainly to develop effective microwave synthetic pathways towards single or multi- transition metal-based mesocrystals and their photocatalytic investigations. The PhD student will also be responsible for the structural and optical characterization of the newly developed mesocrystals.
Tutor: Ullattil Sanjay Gopal, Ph.D.
The electronic configuration of transition metals, characterized by an incomplete subshell and a readiness to donate cations, allows the production of coordination complexes that are represented by a relatively wide range of oxidation states, and unique chemical and physical properties having a great potential in a new environment friendly and cost-effective energy applications. The doctoral thesis topic will focus on development of green chemistry, mechanochemistry and/or powder metallurgy protocols for synthesis of selected transition metal-based complexes, and study its interaction with various environments, characterization of properties as well as their compaction and sintering into the form of a precursors or targets utilized for thin film deposition technologies. Along the studies, the candidate will have the opportunity to work on a development of chemical syntheses routes and learn a variety of modern materials characterization and manufacturing technologies. Only, highly motivated and collaborative candidates with outstanding track record and with the ambition in progress in chemistry, materials science and mechanical engineering are welcome to submit an application.
It is widely acknowledged that microstructural control in terms of crystalographic texture enhances the piezoelectric response of polycrystalline materials. Crystallographic texture can be achieved through templated grain growth (TGG). Advanced processing methods have been successfully employed to prepare textured simple-shaped ceramics via TGG. The focus of this work is on the preparation of textured ceramic materials based on barium titanate (BaTiO3) with complex shapes using the digital light processing method. Anisometric seed particles will be synthesized and used to obtain crystallographic texture in sintered bodies. The 3D printing approach will allow for control of the crystallographic texture in the final component to maximize the piezoelectric response for a given loading paradigm. Photosensitive suspensions containing barium titanate platelet particles will be developed, and the evolution of crystallographic texture in the samples will be studied. The study aims to characterize the effect of crystallographic texture on the piezoelectric response and investigate the impact of polarization on the samples and their domain structure. The results of this work are expected to make a significant contribution to the development of textured lead-free polycrystalline piezoelectric materials.
Tutor: Šťastný Přemysl, Ing., Ph.D.
Currently there is a big expansion in the development of nanomaterials that find their use in industry. As they become mass spread the risk of leaking into the environment increases and therefore it is necessary to monitor their influence on various ecosystems. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an optical emission method suitable for elemental mapping of large sample surfaces. The information about biodistribution and bioaccumulation of material in the organism is crucial for correct evaluation of its toxic effect. The LIBS method can detect contaminants in plants with sufficient resolution. The goal of this work is to determine bioaccumulation and translocation of selected nanomaterials in plants.
The aim of the doctoral thesis is to investigate and prove the potential of combining the technologies of advanced composite powders processing by spray drying and its subsequent thermal spraying into the form of a functional coatings, where two thermal spray technologies such as atmospheric plasma and high velocity oxyfuel spraying will be employed. The material systems studied in this work will include variations of functional ceramics (binary or complex oxides, carbides, nitrides and borides) and metals (predominantly based on transition metals). Among the target coatings functionalities pursued will belong combinations of enhanced and controlled surface wettability, catalytic activity, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. The thesis will also target on understanding the link between influence of the chemical composition, microstructure and flowability of spray-dried composite powders on the functional and mechanical properties of thermally sprayed coatings.
Tutor: Tkachenko Serhii, Ph.D.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a phenomenon, that can enhance greatly the NMR sensitivity (several hundred times at least). There are several mechanisms of DNP, though all of them result from the transferring of electron spin polarization (from special polarizing agents) to nucleus. This process is strongly dependent on the electron spin relaxation of the polarizing agent. However, due to the instrument limitations, the spin dynamics of polarizing agents is studied very poorly at frequencies above 100 GHz, especially at frequencies of 263, 329 and 394 GHz, which correspond to NMR proton frequencies of 400, 500 and 600 MHz, respectively. Usually, the spin relaxation properties are studied using the pulsed method. Unfortunately, the nowadays level of microwave sources at THz frequencies, mostly in terms of output power, does not allow the implementation of the pulsed technique in the wide frequency range. For this reason, the Rapid Scan Electron Spin Resonance (RS-EPR) spectroscopy is the only possible technique for the investigation of spin dynamics at THz frequencies. In this project, PhD student will (i) develop and implement a technique of fast frequency sweeps into the high field/high frequency EPR spectrometer (ii) investigate the spin relaxation processes in different DNP polarizing agents in the wide frequency and temperature ranges.
Topological insulators (TIs), which demonstrate conductor properties at surfaces and behave as insulator in the bulk, present unique quantum state properties. Therefore, we have witnessed enormous research interest on these materials. It is anticipated that TI materials have a great potential to serve as a platform for spintronics due to their spin-locked electronic states, which could open new avenues for spintronic, quantum computing and magnetoelectric device applications. Moreover, interfacing TIs with superconducting layers is predicted to create mysterious physical phenomena, ranging from induced magnetic monopoles to Majorana fermions. The present PhD study aims at i) synthesizing theoretically studied topological insulators and ii) investigating topological superconductors, formed by hybridizing TIs and superconductor materials. TI and superconductor thin films will be fabricated via employing physical vapor deposition processes such as magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. The obtained films will be characterized by X-ray diffraction method, X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and HR (S)TEM and so on. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of the thin films will be examined by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). In addition, magneto-transport measurements of these films will be carried out as well.
2D metal-organic frameworks with honeycomb or kagome lattices are predicted to be intrinsic topological insulators. However, the presence of a metal substrate breaks down these properties. In the framework of the Ph.D. project, the candidate will develop protocols for the synthesis of 2D MOFs on graphene substrate under UHV conditions. The goal of the Ph.D. is to prepare 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOF) on intercalated graphene surfaces and explore their topological properties. The MONs will be prepared via self-assembly from molecular precursors and transition metal atoms. Their properties will be investigated by combining surface-sensitive UHV techniques, i.e., low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The goal is to realize the hybrid organic-inorganic material system, describe the growth kinetics to obtain large area MOFs, optimize their structure to display long-range order and tune the Fermi level position by additional adsorbate doping or intercalating. The studies are supported by a running project. (For detailed information, please directly contact Jan Čechal)
Plasma polymers (PPs) deposited in cyclopropylamine/argon radio frequency discharge at low pressure proved to be an excellent platform for immobilizing biomolecules and improving cell adhesion and proliferation [E. Makhneva et al. Sens. Actuator B-Chem. 276 (2018) 447,A. Manakhov et al. Materials & Design 132 (2017) 257, A. Manakhov et al. Plasma Process. Polym. 14 (2017) e1600123]. Similarly, plasma polymers containing carboxyl or anhydride groups are perfectly suitable for biomedical applications, as, e.g., the immobilization of drugs and platelet-rich blood plasma were recently reported [E. Permyakova et al. Materials & Design 153 (2018) 60, A. Soloviev et al. Polymers 9(12) (2017) 736]. Unfortunately, a detailed understanding of plasma polymerization and the structure of plasma polymers is difficult because it is a complex chemical vapor deposition process that involves many neutral reactants created in the plasma. Moreover, at low pressure, it is affected by positive or negative ions. This thesis aims to understand the plasma chemistry in the gas phase and surface processes by using plasma diagnostics methods (optical emission spectroscopy, mass and ion spectroscopies, retarding field energy analysis, and Octiv VI Probe measurements). The information gained will be correlated with the chemical structure of PP thin films including seldom discussed aspects such as trapped free radicals, unsaturated bonds and presence of nano/micro particles.
Transparent ceramics have rapidly evolved into a field with promising applications across various industries. Unlike conventional ceramics, which are typically opaque, transparent ceramics are a specialized class of ceramics that allow light to pass through and achieve their clarity through advanced manufacturing processes and precise material engineering. The key to their transparency lies in the arrangement of atoms and the absence of impurities or structural defects that scatter light. The transparency of these ceramics is not their only remarkable feature; instead, they exhibit exceptional hardness, high thermal conductivity, and resistance to harsh environmental conditions. If they are doped by certain ions, an additional benefit in the form of photoluminescence appears. The material selection in the PhD topic will include, but not be limited to aluminium oxide, magnesium aluminate spinel, and yttrium aluminium garnet, which will be doped or co-doped by various ions (e.g. rare earth elements). These ceramic materials will be subjected to intense heat and pressure, resulting in a dense, crystalline structure using advanced processing methods such as Hot Isostatic Pressure, Spark Plasma Sintering, etc. The properties of the prepared transparent ceramics will be evaluated concerning their possible application (protective windows, lenses, armor applications, laser gain media, etc.).
Tutor: Drdlík Daniel, Ing., Ph.D.
Optimizing the structural design of laser gain media is essential to meet the challenging equirements for laser power, beam quality, efficiency, size, and weight. Due to recent progress in ceramic processing, polycrystalline ceramics opened a pathway to new gain media architecture, which was previously impossible with single crystals. This Ph.D. topic will be aimed at developing ceramic composite structures of optical quality based on yttrium-aluminium garnet doped with rare earth elements. Advanced shaping and sintering technologies based on colloidal shaping, including 3D ceramic printing and high-pressure sintering, will be used to prepare laser ceramics. Ceramics will be evaluated in terms of effectiveness and usability in intended laser applications.
Tutor: Trunec Martin, prof. Ing., Dr.
The thesis will focus on finding efficient routes to control magnetic configurations without applied magnetic fields using femtosecond laser stimuli. The physical phenomena involved are linked to ultrafast spin dynamics and the associated energy and angular momentum transfer between the spins, electrons, and lattice. The proposed experimental approach will exploit magnetic heterostructures to generate collective magnetic excitations. The project assumes previous experience with optical set-ups.
The method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which belongs to the group of atomic emission spectroscopy techniques, has been described as one of the most expanding spectroscopic techniques in recent years, especially in the field of biological and medical research. It is a quasi-destructive analytical method with extensive elemental analysis capabilities that can detect macrobiogenic and microbiogenic elements that compose a given animal tissue. The scope of the dissertation is the complete optimization of the soft tissue measurement parameters of the LIBS technique, together with the processing and interpretation of the obtained data. Furthermore, the implementation of an ideal methodology for soft tissue analysis on model samples. Rodent organs, e.g., polycystic mouse kidneys at different developmental stages, will be the focus of the research. Results from LIBS analyses will be complemented by complementary analytical techniques such as ICP-OES, LA-ICP-MS, or standard optical microscopy (histology).
A current trend in chemical analysis is to combine multiple analytical techniques to achieve more comprehensive information about the studied sample. One such synergy is the integration of laser spectroscopic methods, namely Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These methods, when used in tandem, allow for a complete chemical (molecular and elemental) analysis of the sample. Additionally, they offer the advantage of surface analysis with high spatial resolution. This approach is used in so-called correlative microscopy and imaging. As part of this work, an optimized microfluidic sensor based on the piezoelectric effect will be developed for the detection of synthetic (including microplastics) and biological samples, where these two techniques will be used in a suitable combination.
The study will be aimed at design, fabrication, and characterization of resonant plasmonic nano- and micro-structures (“diabolo” antennas, split ring resonators, etc.) providing a significant local enhancement of magnetic components of electromagnetic fields. The structures with resonant properties particularly in the IR and THz will be studied, with respect to their potential applications in relevant spectroscopic methods.
The doctoral thesis will focus on research and development of new analytical approaches in the field of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electron microscopy for the study of nanostructures and their ability to moderate catalytic reactions (CO oxidation, CO2 hydrogenation etc.). The work will focus on the development of new experimental procedures capable of monitoring the composition of the surface and nanostructures during reactions in real-time.
Are you interested in electronics and nano/microtechnologies, but also fascinated with the brain, and motivated to improve medical practice? This project in the field of neuromodulation technologies may be for you. Wireless stimulation devices, powered by tissue-penetrating deep red and infrared light wavelengths, can enable minimally-invasive solutions without wires and interconnects. This project involves fabrication and testing of light-powered neurostimulation, with a focus on maximizing efficiency while reducing the size of devices. The project involves micro and nanofabrication, with a focus on semiconductor materials and electronics, while also involving advanced electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements. Collaboration with neuroscientists and participation in animal studies is envisioned as an important aspect of the project. The student can learn to work in-house with invertebrate models for stimulation.
Tutor: Glowacki Eric Daniel, prof., Ph.D.
X-ray micro computed tomography is becoming one of the commonly used imaging methods in the fields of developmental biology and other biological disciplines. In the native sample only the mineralised bones are visible in the microCT scan, the visualization of the soft tissues requires the staining of the sample in the solutions of elements with high proton number. When the scans of the same sample in native and stained condition is combined the time-consuming process of segmenting the mineralised bones from the stained dataset can be skipped, this new approach enables much faster method of analysing the complex biological samples. In the scope of this work the optimising of the staining method of soft tissues and co-registration of both stained and native scans of same sample will be performed.
2D materials for batteries. Candidate will be trained in 2D materials fabrication and applications. MXenes, and black phosphorus materials will be in the focus. Candidate will learn how to use different technologies of 2D materials to achieve desired battery design. He/she will learn how to prepare high performance batteries.
2D materials of functional devices for supercapacitors. Candidate will be trained in 2D materials. Candidate will learn how to use different technologies of 2D materials to achieve desired supercapacitor design. He/she will learn how to prepare high performance supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors (SCs) represent one of the most promising energy storage technologies because of their remarkable features, such as ultrahigh power density and ultralong cycling life. This PhD study aims at an exploration of 2D hybrids based on MXenes and black phosphorous (BP), as high-performance electrode materials for SCs. It will concentrate on (i) multi-scale characterization of 2D hybrids up to atomic resolution to provide fundamental knowledge underlying the interaction between the components of 2D hybrids, and on (ii) an in situ study of chemical stability and growth mechanisms of these materials. In the study, state-of-the-art characterisation methods available at CEITEC Nano core facility such as Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM), UHV STM/AFM, X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS), Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS), Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM), FT-IR Spectroscopy, and HR (S)TEM will be used. The collaboration with the Dresden University of Technology planned to synthesize the 2D materials will be held.
The dissertation thesis will deal with the development of 3D epitaxial printing using eutectic liquid droplets, which are moved by electron beam (electron tweezers) in the UHV-SEM microscope, developed in cooperation with TESCAN. During the movement, the gold-containing droplet is saturated with germanium (silicon) atoms, resulting in epitaxial deposition of the semiconductor at the droplet location. The movement of the droplet and thus also the "print" location of the semiconductor can be controlled programmatically. Part of the work will be optimization of this process including its real-time monitoring using UHV-SEM microscope.
3D printing for devices for hydrogen evolution. Candidate will be trained in 3D printing. Candidate will learn how to use different technologies of 3D printing to achieve desired water electrolyzer design. He/she will learn how to prepare high performance electrolyzers for hydrogen evolution.
3D printing of functional devices for supercapacitors. Candidate will be trained in 3D printing. Candidate will learn how to use different technologies of 3D printing to achieve desired supercapacitor design. He/she will learn how to prepare high performance supercapacitors.
The topic deals with 4D printing, i.e. 3D printing where 4 dimensions are time and applications for biomedicine. Supervisor, Prof. Pumera, is highly cited researcher, see www.pumera.org, more info about the group on www.energy.ceitec.cz PhD candidate will be trained to use high end equipment at nano.ceitec.cz
Study plan wasn't generated yet for this year.