Přístupnostní navigace
E-application
Search Search Close
Branch Details
Original title in Czech: Fyzikální a materiálové inženýrstvíFSIAbbreviation: D-FMIAcad. year: 2009/2010Specialisation: Physical Engineering
Programme: Physical and Materials Engineering
Length of Study: 4 years
Accredited from: Accredited until: 1.3.2016
Profile
The curriculum concentrates on the comprehensive study of materials properties and failure processes from the point of view of physics and physical metallurgy. Students should develop capability to apply their knowledge in inventive manner to new technologies and materials, such as plasma spraying, special methods of thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical treatment, etc. Special attention is paid to the degradation processes and to the synergetic effects of various materials properties on material failure. The subjects of study are metallic and non-metallic materials, e.g., structural ceramics, polymers, amorphous and nanocrystalline materials and intermetallics. The Ph.D. programme requires proficiency in mathematics and physics at the MSc. degree level obtained from Faculty of Science or Faculty of Mechanical Engineering.
Issued topics of Doctoral Study Program
Ab initio calculations of atomic structures on metal surfaces, comparison with STM/STS techniques.
Tutor: Šikola Tomáš, prof. RNDr., CSc.
The study should preferably apply to specific numerical algorithms suitable for designing synthetic holograms. This could be followed by writing a computer code to produce and rather optimize such hologram creation. The work is to aim chiefly industrial applications. Study also geometrical and technological aspects linked to the origination and consequential hologram reconstruction, as well as exploitation of asymmetrical and multilevel reliefs. Further, evaluate both, theoretically and experimentally, possibilities of synthetic origination of holograms beyond classical diffraction limits, e.g. by the electron beam lithography or similar approaches. Discuss practical use of the synthetic holograms in industry or in research. Finally, the study should also deal with a general study devoted to an overview of a potential exploitation of synthetic holography and various diffractive structures in modern applied optics and photonics.
Tutor: Kotačka Libor, Ing., Ph.D.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens particles per million. In the frame of the dissertation work LIBS technique will be applied for selected industrial and biological samples and the detection limits for the elements of interest will be established.
Tutor: Kaiser Jozef, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens particles per million. In the frame of the dissertation work remote-LIBS technique will be applied for selected industrial and biological samples.
- depth distribution of composition of thin flims by means of AR XPS.
Tutor: Dub Petr, prof. RNDr., CSc.
- development of AFM/STM method, - simulation of interaction between the AFM tip and surface
Tutor: Spousta Jiří, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
- development and testing of UHV compatible AFM/STM apparatus, - nucleation sites studies of thin films mechanisms
- application of AFM/STM for nanotechnologies
The aim of this work is to gain new results in the research field of limit states of crystalline solids and to contribute to understanding of their mechanical properties under various loading conditions. For this purpose, theoretical strengths in tension, compression and shear for selected metallic materials will be computed from first principles and using semi-empirical methods. Linear Muffintin Orbitals method and more advanced Linearized Augmented Plane Waves method without shape-approximation of crystal potential (so-called full-potential version) will be used in order to calculate electronic structure of the selected materials. Good conditions for study as well as for research work (new PC cluster) are prepared and supported by the research project Simulation modeling of mechatronic systems and a COST grant with a wide international cooperation.
Tutor: Šandera Pavel, prof. RNDr., CSc.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens ppm; for several elements even lower limits could be realized combining LIBS and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) techniques. In the dissertation work the automatization of the LIBS and LIBS+LIFS setups will be addressed. A computer code should be worked out for controlling all equipments and allowing automatic 2D and quasi-3D analysis of sample chemical composition. The function of automatized setups will be verified on selected samples.
The goal of the project is the application of modified single crystal scintillators with improved kinetic properties to a fast Everhart-Thornley detector in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The new scintillators will be developed after the extensive study of their cathodoluminescence kinetics. The methods for research of existing and looking for new scintillation materials that investigate allowed 5d-4f transitions in cerium activated oxide crystals, will be developed and used. The project is motivated by an effort to eliminate a bad decay of current scintillators resulting in a low contrast and a bad spatial resolution of SEM images.
Tutor: Schauer Petr, RNDr., CSc.
Development and application of an UHV apparatus for deposition of thin films by means of direct ion beams.
Development and application of an UHV apparatus for deposition of thin films by means of direct ion beams, part II.
Development and application of ellipsometry for in situ monitoring of thin films deposition under UHV conditions, part I.
Development and application of ellipsometry for in situ monitoring of thin films deposition under UHV conditions, part II. - development and testing of an apparatus for spectroscopic ellipsometry - band structure and electrical behaviour of solids by use of ellipsometry measurements
- Study of local anodic oxidation (LAO) by AFM. - Application of AFM in fabrication of masks and grids for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
- Study of principles in fabrication of nanostructures by local sputtering and deposition using the focused ion beam (FIB) - Application of FIB for fabrication of masks and grids in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics
- Development of the methods of fabricatiom of nanostructures and nanodevices (e.g. quantum rings and dots, single electron transistors, spin valves, etc.) by application of available methods (e.g. local anodic oxidation by AFM, focused ion beam - FIB, electron lithography) on advanced materials and structures (e.g. semiconductor heterostructures with 2D electron gas, magnetic layered structures and semiconductors, graphene, etc.). - Measurement of electrical and magnetoelectrical properties of fabricated stractures and devices, ane their possible application
- Study of the influence of substrates and deposition conditions on the growth of ultrathin films and nanostructures, - Application of controlled self-assembly (e.g. of selective growth) in fabrication of masks and grids for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
Searching for interconnections between technically important macroscopic material parameters and their microscopic and atomistic structure is presently one of very important directions in solid state physics and material research. Deeper understanding to relation of macroscopic parameters of matter and its structure helps us to obtain further knowledge, necessary for discovering materials with better parameters. Aim of this work is to get new results in the field of study of mechanical properties of crystalline solids with regard to possible variability of their atomic structure. For this purpose, calculations based on first principles i.e. fundamental quantum theory based on density functional theory will be performed using computational systems Wien2k and VASP.
Tutor: Pokluda Jaroslav, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Stability of solid crystals subjected to mechanical loading is still an actual topic of research in the field of solid state physics and material sciences. Obtained knowledge help to understand to deformation processes and they contribute to design of new and more endurable materials. The stability of crystals is usually assessed by their response to deformation of crystal lattice, expressed by elastic constants or dynamical matrix and phonon spectrum. The aim of the study is to address the problems of first-principles modelling of solid crystals and to study their stability under applied mechanical loading via elastic response and phonon spectra. The Density Functional Theory implemented in the program system Abinit will be employed for this purpose.
Tutor: Černý Miroslav, prof. Mgr., Ph.D.
Reduction of light coherence in digital holographic microscopy leads to the optical sectioning effect which allows for 3D imaging of specimen surfaces, or for making visible objects embedded in a scattering medium. Optical sections formation is not theoretically described in details especially for transmitted light. The aim is to derive theoretical description of imaging by a low-coherence digital holographic microscope that describes origin of the optical sectioning effect especially for transmitted light.
Tutor: Chmelík Radim, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) of thin films Co, Ni, NiN, AlN, Si3N4, C3N4 , part I.
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) of thin films ZrO2, HfO2, Al2O3, hydroxylapatite ..., part II.
Modelling and simulation of ion - solid interactions: - study of the surface vibrations mechanism, - application of "Truncation Rod Scattering" method.
Low-coherence digital holographic microscope allows for optical sectioning through an imaged medium by means of coherence effects retaining substantial imaging characteristics of conventional digital holographic microscopes, especially quantitative record of both the phase and intensity of the image wave. The basis of the microscope optical setup is the achromatic interferometer with diffraction gratings. The aim is to propose, to simulate, to realize and to prove experimentally the low-coherence digital holographic microscope which eliminates the main drawbacks of the existing apparatus, especially insufficient size of the field of view, narrow effective spectral band of illumination, insufficient sample space and complicated alignment.
Application of plasmon polaritons in nanophotonics - Generation and detection of plasmon polaritons in metal thin films and nanostructures. - Study of propagation of plasmon polaritons on surfaces of these objects and their application (e.g. in nanosensors).
Application of plasmon polaritons in nanophotonics> - Fabrication of plasmonic nanoantennas and a study of their influence on local excitation of electromagnetic. radiation - Application of plasmonic nanoantennas in local excitation of photoluminescence
The main goal of the project is development of a cathodoluminescent method for the analysis of solids possessing a low-level cathodoluminescence. Attention will be focused both on the experimental and the interpretive problems of processing of the low-level cathodoluminescence being often weakened by the electron beam degradation of an analyzed material. The project includes the enhancement of the detection sensitivity, the minimization of optical losses, the application of both the synchronous and the pulse methods. Specimen adaptation for getting the high signal-to-noise ratio will be studied too. A unique experimental device can also be an essential project result.
Current optical micromanipulation techniques include many unique tools and methods that enable spatial localization of microobjects (incl. living cells) in a laser beam (so called optical tweezers), 3D manipulations with several objects, non-contact and sterile separation of microobjects or suspension components, surface arrangement of microparticles and their transport. Optical tweezers use single focused laser beam for spatial confinement and manipulation of microobjects. Laser wavelength is not absorbed by the object and therefore the object is not injured.or damaged. Optical trapping can be combined with microspectroscopy (fluorescence or Raman) that provides non-invasive spatially resolved mapping of molecular composition of studied sample. The applicant is expected to design an optical system for dynamic creation of several laser beam foci with PC-controlled spatial positioning. It is assumed that spatial light modulator, acousto-optical deflectors or galvanooptical mirrors will be used. This system will enable trapping of a microobject (e.g. living cell) and simultaneously obtaining spectral information about its chemical composition. Based on this analysis the objects can be separated in a micro-fluidic channel. The above described combination represents a new and actual topic with high probability of applications in cell biology, analytical chemistry, microfluidics and surface chemistry. Within the Ph.D. thesis, the applicant is expected to perform experimental and theoretical research tasks at the Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI) of the ASCR that can provide the necessary equipment and background. The ISI laboratory collaborates with a number of European laboratories in the field of optical trapping and spectroscopy; this provides successful applicant with the possibility of scientific visits abroad and fast professional growth.
Tutor: Zemánek Pavel, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
The core of the project is to look for new and to optimize used scintillators and other components of a scintillation detector for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to the study of scintillator cathodoluminescence properties, included are also the modeling and measurement of the signal transport through detection systems to find optimal types, materials, sizes and shapes of the component used, to detect imperfections of the scintillation system and to design changes resulting in increasing of the detection quantum efficiency (DQE). The main goal is to acquire the optimized detection system.
In a majority of structural components, the stress state is different from the homogeneous uniaxial tension or compression, typical for fatigue testing in laboratories. Therefore, biaxial fatigue tests start to be used more frequently in the last years. The analysis of fracture morphology by means of both the optical and the electron microscopy, belongs to the most important methods of fatigue damage investigation. Advanced methods as optical chromatography and stereophotogrammetry in SEM are used for a 3D reconstruction of the fracture microrelief. However, application of these methods to biaxial fracture surfaces is still in a pioneering stage. The aim of the work quantitative to the assessment of fracture surfaces obtained after combined bending-torsion fatigue tests. The experiments will be performed in the frame of extended international collaboration with the E.S.Institute of Materials Science in Leoben, Austria, the University of Opole, Poland and other universities in Europe
In situ monitoring of processes on surfaces of solids and thin films by LEED.
- Building an apparatus for the measurements of local and integral photoluminescence properties of nanostructures - Study of photoluminescence properties of nanostructures (ordered and disordered semiconductor/dielectric structures)
- Development of the methods of manipulation/formation of nanofibres (e.g. C60) between segments of nanoelectrodes. - Measurement of electrical transport properties of nanofibres.
- Application of a newly developed ultravacuum apparatus based on MBE and RHEED, for preparation of magnetic ultrathin films and nanostructures - Application of FIB, EBL and other methods for preparation of magnetic ultrathin films and nanostructures - Study of magnetic properties of ultrathin films and nanostructures
Special properties of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys (Nitinols) are studied only two laboratories in Prague, focused on the basic research of phase transformations. Only static, quasistatic and low-cycle fatigue properties are known from the world literature. There is a lack of data on the temperature dependence of high-cycle fatigue properties, which are important for a development of mechatronic actuators. The basic unit of unique experimental device is the temperature chamber TTC 4002 for measurement of the temperature dependence of elastic moduli and characteristics of internal friction. In the frame of the development of a mechatronic actuator, tests of shape-memory force effect and electrical resistance will be performed using Nitinol materials. The work is supported by the research plan Simulation modeling of mechatronic systems . An extended international collaboration is presumed including a participation at international scientific conferences.
Methods, which enable to display the entire 3D structure of the studied object non-destructively are intensively studied in many scientific and industrial branches. Up to now, for the practical use, the (computed) tomography i.e. a method that gathers 3D information by reconstruction from 2D projections is mostly employed. Computed tomography (CT) has been widely extended in medical diagnostic. Moreover, especially the X-ray micro-CT has been applied in further important areas, such as machine design and diagnostics, biology, geophysics, archaeology and many others. It is obvious from above-mentioned examples, that qualitative and quantitative 3D visualization techniques based on tomographic reconstruction are intensively investigated worldwide. The topics of the dissertation work include study, application and improvements of absorption- and phase-contrast X-ray micro-CT techniques.
a
Study plan wasn't generated yet for this year.