The main goal of this PhD course is to give a theoretical and experimental background on the methods for diagnostics of nanostructures available in CEITEC. The subject is aimed at the explanation of physical principles of diagnostics of 1D and 2D nanostructures suitable for a study of morphological, chemical and structural parameters, as well as of their local functional properties. Various modes of scanning probe microscopy, electron and ion microscopy (TEM, SEM, etc.), optical spectroscopic microscopy and their combination will be discussed. Most of these methods will be demonstrated and practice on instruments of CEITEC facilities.