Detail publikace

Energy Return on energy and carbon investment of wind energy farms: A case study of New Zealand

Walmsley, T.G. Walmsley, M.R. Atkins, M.J.

Originální název

Energy Return on energy and carbon investment of wind energy farms: A case study of New Zealand

Typ

článek v časopise ve Web of Science, Jimp

Jazyk

angličtina

Originální abstrakt

This paper analyses the Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) and Energy Return on Carbon Emissions (EROC) of current wind energy farms in New Zealand. The weighted average EROI for a New Zealand wind energy farm over a 20 year life span is 34.3, with the highest achieving 57.7, while the lowest is 6.5. These values are higher than wind energy farms in Europe and America, which average about 20, and higher than many other electricity generation methods reported in the literature with hydropower being the main exception. The above-average capacity factor of New Zealand wind energy farms is the primary reason for the higher EROI values. The average EROC value for New Zealand's existing wind energy farms is 477 GJ/t CO2-e, which is 56 times the EROC of a combined cycle natural gas power station. The substantial range of EROI values are chiefly driven by two factors: (1) wind speed profile for a given site and (2) the blade diameter of the turbine, where greater values are better. The main drawback of wind energy is variability causing reliability issues and needing hydro power as a renewable buffer to keep emissions low.

Klíčová slova

Carbon footprint; Energy planning; Energy ratio analysis; Energy Return on Investment; Life Cycle Analysis; Wind energy; Environmental impact; Fossil fuel power plants; Hydroelectric power; Life cycle; Turbomachine blades; Wind; Wind power; Average capacities; Electricity generation; Energy planning; Energy ratio; Energy return on investments; Life cycle analysis; Weighted averages; Wind speed profiles; Investments;

Autoři

Walmsley, T.G.; Walmsley, M.R.; Atkins, M.J.

Vydáno

1. 1. 2018

Nakladatel

Elsevier Ltd

ISSN

0959-6526

Periodikum

Journal of Cleaner Production

Číslo

167

Stát

Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska

Strany od

885

Strany do

895

Strany počet

11

BibTex

@article{BUT146163,
  author="Walmsley, T.G. and Walmsley, M.R. and Atkins, M.J.",
  title="Energy Return on energy and carbon investment of wind energy farms: A case study of New Zealand",
  journal="Journal of Cleaner Production",
  year="2018",
  number="167",
  pages="885--895",
  doi="10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.040",
  issn="0959-6526"
}