Detail publikace

The Security Reference Architecture for Blockchains: Toward a Standardized Model for Studying Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Defenses

HOMOLIAK, I. VENUGOPALAN, S. REIJSBERGEN, D. HUM, Q. SCHUMI, R. SZALACHOWSKI, P.

Originální název

The Security Reference Architecture for Blockchains: Toward a Standardized Model for Studying Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Defenses

Typ

článek v časopise ve Web of Science, Jimp

Jazyk

angličtina

Originální abstrakt

Blockchains are distributed systems, in which security is a critical factor for their success. However, despite their increasing popularity and adoption, there is a lack of standardized models that study blockchain-related security threats. To fill this gap, the main focus of our work is to systematize and extend the knowledge about the security and privacy aspects of blockchains and contribute to the standardization of this domain. We propose the security reference architecture (SRA) for blockchains, which adopts a stacked model (similar to the ISO/OSI) describing the nature and hierarchy of various security and privacy aspects. The SRA contains four layers: (1) the network layer, (2) the consensus layer, (3) the replicated state machine layer, and (4) the application layer. At each of these layers, we identify known security threats, their origin, and countermeasures, while we also analyze several cross-layer dependencies. Next, to enable better reasoning about security aspects of blockchains by the practitioners, we propose a blockchain-specific version of the threat-risk assessment standard ISO/IEC 15408 by embedding the stacked model into this standard. Finally, we provide designers of blockchain platforms and applications with a design methodology following the model of SRA and its hierarchy.

Klíčová slova

Reference architecture, blockchains, distributed ledgers, security, privacy, vulnerabilities, threats, ISO/IEC 15408

Autoři

HOMOLIAK, I.; VENUGOPALAN, S.; REIJSBERGEN, D.; HUM, Q.; SCHUMI, R.; SZALACHOWSKI, P.

Vydáno

15. 3. 2021

ISSN

1553-877X

Periodikum

IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT

Ročník

23

Číslo

1

Stát

Spojené státy americké

Strany od

341

Strany do

390

Strany počet

50

URL

https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2020.3033665

BibTex

@article{BUT168173,
  author="HOMOLIAK, I. and VENUGOPALAN, S. and REIJSBERGEN, D. and HUM, Q. and SCHUMI, R. and SZALACHOWSKI, P.",
  title="The Security Reference Architecture for Blockchains: Toward a Standardized Model for Studying Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Defenses",
  journal="IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT",
  year="2021",
  volume="23",
  number="1",
  pages="341--390",
  doi="10.1109/COMST.2020.3033665",
  issn="1553-877X",
  url="https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2020.3033665"
}