FRAKCIONÁCIA ORTUTI VO VYBRANÝCH PÔDACH PRI ŠTÚDIU JEJ FYTOPRÍSTUPNOSTI A BIOAKUMULÁCIE V RASTLINÁCH

FRACTIONATION OF MERCURY IN SELECTED SOILS WITHIN THE STUDY OF ITS PHYTOAVAILABILITY AND BIOACCUMULATION IN PLANTS

kapitola v knize

slovenština

Cieľom práce bolo vyhodnotenie vybraných separačných techník, ktorých účinok napodobňuje mechanizmus príjmu kovov rastlinami (technika difúzneho gradientu v tenkom filme DGT a jednoduché extrakcie s extraktantami ako syntetická dažďová voda, 1 M MgCl2, 0,1 M EDTA, 0,11 M kyselina octová a metabolity mikroskopických vláknitých húb (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma atroviride)), aplikovaných pre odhad potenciálne fytoprístupnej frakcie ortuti v pôdach kontaminovaných týmto kovom dlhodobo v prirodzenom a krátkodobo v laboratórnom prostredí.

Mercury with its specific physico-chemical properties and common distribution in environmental compartments mostly due to anthropogenic contamination has recently been object of study in wide range of scientific disciplines. The aim of this work is geochemical evaluation of fractionation of mercury in contaminated soils within the study of its phytoavailability and bioaccumulation in selected plant species using chemical and biological separation techniques. Study of mercury biogeochemistry in soil-plant system contaminated with watersoluble mercury under laboratory conditions (up to 130 mg.kg-1 Hg) showed the absence of the mercury ageing process in the soil resulting in extreme mercury translocation and accumulation in barley shoots (Hordeum vulgare L.) (up to 195 mg.kg-1 Hg). On the other hand, laboratory and field cultivation of barley in the aged soils and analysis of selected wild and culture plants from mercury contaminated area (up to 30,9 mg.kg-1 soil Hg) showed low mercury bioavailability in such environment (barley shoot mercury accumulation only up to 0,07 mg.kg-1 Hg), where mercury exists predominantly in stable form. More significant mercury accumulation was observed only in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) shoots and also in the roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.), what may indicate the mercury hyperaccumulating ability of these plant species. However, also in these species accumulated mercury values were rather low and did not exceed 1 mg.kg-1. Evaluation of selected chemical and biological techniques for soil mercury fractionation in aged mercury-contaminated soils indicated us that diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique and single extractions with microbial metabolites of microscopic filamentous fungi, especially Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium cladosporioides and synthetic rainwater are appropriate for separation of soil mercury phytoavailable fraction. These results are in good agreement with the character of these separation techniques which mimics plant metal uptake mechanism, including mercury

rtuť, půda, bioakumulace,

mercury, soil, plants, fractionation, phytoavailability, bioaccumulation

HLODÁK M., URÍK M., KOŘNKOVÁ L., MIKUŠOVÁ P., DIVIŠ P., SENILA M., MATÚŠ P.

23. 10. 2017

Slovenská asociácia geochemikov

Bratislava

978-80-972851-3-5

AKTUÁLNE TRENDY GEOCHEMICKÉHO ŠTÚDIA GEOLOGICKÉHO PROSTREDIA

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