Physical aspects of analytical methods. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the analytical signal. Principles of selected instrumental methods - spectrometric and electroanalytical methods, their qualitative and quantitative aspects. Potentiometry and potentiometric titration, conductimetry and conductimetric titration. Voltamperometry and polarography. Amperometry, biamperometric and bipotentiometric titration. Couliometry and coulometric titration. Electrolysis and electrogravimetry. Molecular absorption spectrophotometry (UV/VIS). Fluorimetry. Analytical use of diffuse scattering, turbidimetry, nephelometry. Principle of IR spectrophotometry. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Basic emission spectrometry - classic, quantometry, ICP-AES principles. Principles of analytical chemometry. Classification of Analytical errors and uncertainties. Statistical evaluation of analytical results, Gauss, Student, Dean-Dixon approaches. Standard deviations, confidence intervals, tests iof remote values. Precision, accuracy, sensitivity and detection limits of analytical methods. Principles of selected separation methods - liquid-liquid extraction on various principles, multiple extraction, solid phase extraction. Analytical use of ion exchangers. Solid, liquid, cation, anion exchangers. Selectivity and capacity. Principles of chromatographic methods. Foundation of the theory of the chromatographic processes. Thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, HPLC chromatography of various principles. Ion chromatography, gel chromatography etc. Electromigration methods. Zone electrophoresis on carriers. Capillary zonal electrophoresis. Isotachophoresis. Capillary Isoelectrical Focusing. Treatment of inorganic, organic and biological samples, methods of their decomposition. Selected approaches for identification of organic compounds.
Some special topics
Characteristics of analytical chemistry. Survey of analytical methods. Optical methods(UV, VIS) for molecules atoms and ions. Absorption spectrometry(UV, VIS). Emission spectrometry for atoms and ions. Various kinds of atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence, Zeeman splitting of elemental lines. Principles of analytical X-ray spectrometry. Plasma spectrometry(ICP, MWS).Photoacustic spectrometry. Molecular fluorescence and phosphorescence. Diffuse scatter and difuse reflectance method. Electronic spectrometry (ESCA, Auger spectrometry). Electroanalytical polarisation. Electrolyte processes. Contemporaneous voltamperometry. Various kinds of electrolytical processes. Voltamperometric titrations. Coulombometry and coulombometric titrations. Various kinds of analytical electrolysis. Principles of analytical statistics and various kinds of errors(bias and randome). Some paradigmes of analytical methods. Theoretical concepts of analytical signal(its position, intensity, selectivity, background and environs.Calibration functions and detection limits. What is analytical sensitivity and the reason of analytical selectivity. Valuable analytical reagents for elements (actual status).