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FSI-WNEAcad. year: 2023/2024
The introductory course of non-metallic inorganic materials focused on the structure of ceramic materials and their physical and chemical properties. Lectures also provide, in addition to specific information on ceramic materials, the theoretical foundations of chemical thermodynamics and introduction to polymers.
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Basic literature
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Classification of course in study plans
specialization MTI , 3 year of study, winter semester, compulsory
Lecture
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Syllabus
1. Principles of chemical thermodynamics Classification of thermodynamic systems, variables and relationships. Equilibrium criteria. First and second thermodynamic theorem, types of energy in systems, entropy.Relationships and variables
2.Thermodynamic potentials of closed systems. Criterion and conditions for derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermochemistry. Heat capacities. Dependence of heat capacities, reaction heat, entropy and Gibbs energy on temperature. Changes in Gibbs energy in chemical reactions.
3. Phase equilibria - single- and multi-component homogeneous systems (solutions) .Gibbs phase law. Single-phase phase diagrams in (p, T) space. Clapeyron and Clausius - Clapeyron equations. Multi-component systems: expression of composition, partial molar variables, chemical potential. Ideal solutions - gases, liquids. Raoult's law. Real solutions. Equilibrium of the gas and liquid phases of a mixture.
4. PolymersBasic terms, history, nomenclature, chemical composition of polymers, structure of polymers, molecular weight and its determination, basic properties of polymers, polyreaction.
5. Bonding in non-metallic inorganic materials (NAM)Structure of atoms. Solids with ionic bonding and covalent bonding. Intermediate forces.Structure of NAM - Crystal Structures. Binary ionic compounds. Composite crystalline structures.
6. Structural defects and structure of glass NAMsStructural defects - Spot defects: stoichiometric, non-stoichiometric, internal. Notation of point defects. Linear defects. Planar defects. Creating glasses. Models of glass structure. Structure of oxide glasses
7. Phase diagrams of selected NAMs. Binary and ternary diagrams of significant NAMs. Mixability of the phase-intermediate compounds-solid NAM solutions. Chemical Reactions in NAM - Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions. Sintering of NAM
8. NAM microstructure. Microstructural characteristics, Methods, Microstructure vs properties, Typical microstructures: advanced ceramics, glass, Fractography
9. Physical and thermal properties, mechanical properties. Density, Porosity, Melting temperature, Thermal capacity and conductivity. Thermal expansion. Temperature shock. Flexibility, Strength, Hardness, Fracture toughness, Ductile vs brittle behavior
10. Strengthening and toughening of NAM, Influence of external conditions on the properties of NAM. Self-reinforcing ceramics, Transformation hardening, Mechanisms of hardening. Creep, Static fatigue, Chemical effects, Mechanically induced defects, Thermal shock
11. Electron and ion conductivity, dielectric properties. NAM band theory, Conductors, non-conductors, semiconductors, Concentration of charge conductors and their mobility. Defects - migration of ions, Ionic conductivity, Solid electrolytes and their applications. Dielectric properties. Polarization mechanisms. Dielectric losses. Capacitors and insulators.
12. Magnetic properties and optical properties of NAM. Para-, ferro-, and antiferro- and ferrimagnetism. Magnetic domains and hysteresis curve, Types of magnetic NAM. Optical properties – absorption, refractive index, dispersion, transparency, color.
13. Oxide, carbide and nitride NAM.Typical representatives of NAM, Fabrication, Properties, Use
Laboratory exercise