Examination of impact of lignosulfonates added to the negative active mass of a lead–acid battery electrode

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We employed pasted negative electrodes of dimensions 55 × 20 × 7 mm placed between two pasted positive electrodes of the same dimensions separated with AGM separators of the type BG 260 EB 170 (1.7 mm in thickness). The negative paste was doped with 0.78 wt.% of milled CR2996 carbon (Maziva Týn Company, Czech Republic) and with different amounts of three types of organic lignosulfonates as expanders. The used xpanders were commercial products Vanisperse A, Vanillex HW and Vanillex N (Borregaard LignoTech). After formation, the electrode packs were placed in custom cells with the usual H2SO4 electrolyte, designed to ensure pplication of defined pressure to the electrode system. Several conditioning cycles were performed, the excess electrolyte was then aspirated off and the cells were hermetically sealed. The initial capacity of the negative electrodes was around 3 Ah. The cells were then discharged to 50% of their capacity and subjected to partial-state of charge accelerated cycling by using symmetrical 25 s current pulses of 2.5 A followed by 3 s standing. The cells were cycled until their voltage dropped below 1.6 V. In each run, the cell voltage, the electrode potentials against a Cd electrode, and the applied pressure were measured after every 100 cycles. The performance of these electrodes was elevated by applying moderate compression of 4 N.cm−2 . Higher pressures are not recommended. Cells with higher amount of the added organic expander well tolerate deep cycling, and were able to regenerate better during the conditioning cycles between PSoC runs and its capacities have increased. The lowlignosulfonate-containing cells showed during the PSoC charging good charge acceptance at the beginning of the experiment, but with progression of time (PSoC runs), there was the most significant increase in polarization resistances and gradual degradation of NAM. Medium lignosulfonate cells exhibited the best properties throughout the PSoC runs. During the PSoC charging there is a good charge acceptance, low maximum voltage and stable polarization resistance.

Lead–acid batteries Expanders Carbon material Active mass Depth of discharge Partial state of charge regime Lignosulfonates

ZIMÁKOVÁ, J.; VACULÍK, S.; FRYDA, D.; BAČA, P.; BOUŠKA, M.

1. 8. 2018

2352-152X

Journal of Energy Storage

2018

18

Nizozemsko

229

238

10

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304681